upper urinary tract
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PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0261124
Author(s):  
Kari Hemminki ◽  
Asta Försti ◽  
Akseli Hemminki ◽  
Börje Ljungberg ◽  
Otto Hemminki

Survival has improved in bladder cancer but few studies have considered extended periods or covered populations for which medical care is essentially free of charge. We analyzed survival in urothelial cancer (UC, of which vast majority are bladder cancers) in Finland and Sweden over a 50-year period (1967–2016) using data from the NORDCAN database. Finland and Sweden are neighboring countries with largely similar health care systems but higher economic resources and health care expenditure in Sweden. We present results on 1- and 5-year relative survival rates, and additionally provide a novel measure, the difference between 1- and 5-year relative survival, indicating how well survival was maintained between these two periods. Over the 50-year period the median diagnostic age has increased by several years and the incidence in the very old patients has increased vastly. Relative 1- year survival rates increased until early 1990s in both countries, and with minor gains later reaching about 90% in men and 85% in women. Although 5-year survival also developed favorably until early 1990s, subsequent gains were small. Over time, age specific differences in male 1-year survival narrowed but remained wide in 5-year survival. For women, age differences were larger than for men. The limitations of the study were lack of information on treatment and stage. In conclusion, challenges are to improve 5-year survival, to reduce the gender gap and to target specific care to the most common patient group, those of 70 years at diagnosis. The most effective methods to achieve survival gains are to target control of tobacco use, emphasis on early diagnosis with prompt action at hematuria, upfront curative treatment and awareness of high relapse requiring regular cystoscopy follow up.


2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Yang ◽  
Xin Chen ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
Lu Fang ◽  
Wei Sun ◽  
...  

Abstract Objectives: To investigate the safety and efficacy of complete laparoscopic ileal augmentation cystoplasty for the treatment of low bladder capacity and compliance.Methods: The clinical data of 13 patients with low bladder capacity and compliance were retrospectively analyzed. Therapeutic efficacy was evaluated at follow-up. The Clavien system was used to evaluate the severity of postoperative complications.Results: All 13 operations were successfully completed laparoscopically. The operation duration was 140-248 min (average: 189.9 ± 29.6 min), the time to postoperative recovery of bowel function was 1-10 days (average: 2.9 ± 2.3 days). There were 4 cases of grade I complications and 1 case of grade II complications (i.e., paralytic ileus caused by urinary leakage from the anastomosis of the augmented bladder). Cystography showed that the morphology of the bladder was close to normal, and the maximum safe capacity and compliance of the bladder were significantly increased [103.8 ± 16.6 mL and 332.3 ± 20.5 mL, p < 0.01; 7.0 ± 1.3 mL/cm H2O and 32.4 ± 2.1 mL/cm H2O, p < 0.01]. All patients were able to urinate spontaneously after catheter removal.Conclusions: Complete laparoscopic ileal augmentation cystoplasty is a safe and feasible treatment for low bladder capacity and compliance, and has the advantages of less trauma, less bleeding, faster recovery of intestinal function, and fewer postoperative complications. This treatment effectively increases bladder capacity, protects upper urinary tract function, and improves patient quality of life, and thus warrants clinical application.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
Dipak Kumar Thakur

Introduction: Due to its non-invasive nature, extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) is the preferred treatment modality for uncomplicated renal and ureteral stone < 20 mm in diameter. The success rate of it ranges from 46% to 91% depending on various factors. Objective: To assess the outcome of ESWL as monotherapy in uncomplicated solitary renal and upper ureteric calculus ranging from 10mm to 20mm. Methods: In this retrospective study, the records of 34 patients who underwent Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy ESWL inBirat Medical College – Teaching Hospital over a period of one and a half years were reviewed to assess the outcome in terms of stone free rate and complication rate. Results: Mean age of the patients was 30.57±8.44 years and mean calculus size was 14.47±2.68 mm (range 10-20mm). The male and female ratio was 2:1. The success rate was higher for pelvic (83.33%) and upper calyceal (75%) and upper ureteric calculi (75%) compared to other calyces. Clinically significant residual fragment (CSRF) was the most common problem after ESWL (23.33%) at three months after the procedure. Conclusions: The outcome of ESWL as monotherapy for upper urinary tract calculi is acceptable in selected cases three months after the procedure. Keywords: Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy; outcome; upper urinary tract calculi.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 133-141
Author(s):  
G. A. Makarov ◽  
V. V. Sizonov ◽  
V. M. Orlov ◽  
V. V. Vigera

Extravesical ureter ectopia is a rare cause of urinary incontinence. We are reporting a case of a 3-year-old girl with urinary incontinence. The girl was observed and treated for recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) against the background of left-side duplication of the upper urinary tract and vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). Two-time endoscopic treatment using a dextranomer/hyaluronic acid allowed to eliminate VUR on both sides and achieve stable clinical and laboratory remission of UTI. After potty training, the child had a constant drip of urine along with normal urination. The examination revealed extravesical ureter ectopia of the left duplicated kidney upper pole and a bladder space-occupying mass with hyperdensive inclusions in the projection of the vesical trigone on the left, which we regarded as a result of the migration of the implant and the appearance of histopathological changes in it. The presence of a bladder space-occupying mass determined the choice of the surgical technique in favor of the formation of a ureterocystoanastomosis with a duplicated ectopic ureter and the removal of a bladder space-occupying mass. When managing patients after endoscopic treatment of VUR, it should be considered the possibility of morphological changes in the bulking agent due to the accumulation of calcium and uric acid salts.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Morselli ◽  
Ferdinando Daniele Vitelli ◽  
Giorgio Verrini ◽  
Arcangelo Sebastianelli ◽  
Riccardo Campi ◽  
...  

Introduction: Laparoscopic surgery for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Cell Carcinoma (UTUC) is still debated for its possible seeding risk and thus consequent oncological recurrences, especially for atypical ones. The aim of the study is to compare recurrence and survival after Laparoscopic vs. Open Radical Nephroureterectomy (RNU) for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Cancer (UTUC).Method: A retrospective evaluation of UTUC consecutive surgeries from 2008 to 2019 was conducted, including pT ≥ 2, High Grade UTUC who underwent RNU with bladder cuff excision without concomitant lymphadenectomy in three urological tertiary centers. Statistical analyses compared recurrence and cancer specific survival, based on surgical approach, while logistic multivariate analyses and Kaplan Meyer survival curve analyzed possible risk factors for recurrence and survival.Results: One hundred seven cases of RNU, 47 (43.9%) laparoscopic and 60 (56.1%) open, were included in this report. Preoperative characteristics were comparable between groups. However, tumor stage was higher in the Open arm [T3–T4 in 44 (73.3%) vs. 20 (43.4%) in Laparoscopic]. Mean follow-up was 91.6 months in laparoscopy RNU vs. 93.5 months in open RNU. Recurrence rate (RR) was comparable between groups (p = 0.594), and so was the site, although 3 (6.3%) peritoneal recurrences were found only in laparoscopic group (p = 0.057). At multivariate logistic regression, tumor stage and surgical approach were independent predictors of recurrence (p &lt; 0.05), while only tumor stage was predictor of cancer specific death (p = 0.029).Conclusion: Surgical approach has no impact on recurrence site, overall survival, and RR. Still, according to our data peritoneal carcinomatosis was present only in laparoscopic arm, despite how it didn't reach statistical significance.


Author(s):  
Violaine Piquet ◽  
Nicolas Turmel ◽  
Camille Chesnel ◽  
Rebecca Haddad ◽  
Frédérique Lebreton ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 408-411
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Mourmouris ◽  
Omer Burak Argun ◽  
Lazaros Tzelves ◽  
Mustafa Bilal Tuna ◽  
Maria Gourtzelidou ◽  
...  

Purpose: To test the efficacy and safety profile of robotic radical nephroureterectomy compared to the open approach. Methods: We enrolled 45 consecutive patients who suffered from non-metastatic, upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma from September 2019 to March 2021 and underwent radical nephroureterectomy. Patients were divided in two groups: group A consisted of 29 patients (open approach) and group B consisted of 16 patients (robotic approach). The factors which were taken into consideration were age, sex, body mass index, tumour size, side and grade, cancer stage, ASA score, operation time, drain removal time, foley time, hospitalization time, estimated blood loss, surgical margins, preoperative and postoperative creatinine, Hct and bladder recurrences. Statistical analysis was performed with the use of SPSS version 26 and p < 0.05 was the cut-off for reaching statistical significance. Results: The mean age in group 1 was 67.12 years and in group 2 68.12 years, whereas the mean body mass index (BMI) in group 1 was 26.54 kg/m2 and in group 2 25.20 kg/m2. Operative time was better in group A (124 vs 186 mins p < 0.001) and estimated blood loss were better in group B compared to group A (137 vs 316 ml p < 0.001). Length of stay (LOS) was significantly less in the robotic group (5.75 vs 4.3 days p = 0.003) and the same applied for time required for drain removal (4.5 vs 3.3 days p = 0.006). Conclusions: Robotic radical nephroureterectomy is a safe and efficient alternative to open approach. It provides a favorable perioperative profile in patients suffering from upper urinary tract carcinoma without metastasis.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 5964
Author(s):  
Gaetano Ciancio ◽  
Marina M. Tabbara ◽  
Melanie Martucci ◽  
Jeffrey J. Gaynor ◽  
Mahmoud Morsi ◽  
...  

Upper urinary tract urothelial cell carcinoma (UTUC) with venous tumor thrombus (TT) that extends into the renal vein (RV) and inferior vena cava (IVC) is a rare entity and its management is a surgical challenge. We report the largest single experience of surgical management of UTUC and accompanying venous TT with radical nephroureterectomy and tumor thrombectomy (RNATT) using transplant-based (TB) surgical techniques. From September 2003 to June 2021, nine patients with UTUC and venous TT underwent RNATT. Demographics, disease characteristics, surgical details, 30-day postoperative complications, and overall survival (OS) were analyzed. All nine patients had extension of the TT into the RV. Of those, seven had additional extension of the TT into the IVC. Venous TT level was categorized as 0 (n = 2), I (n = 2), II (n = 4), and IIIa (n = 1). Median tumor size was 12 cm (range 3–20 cm). Median estimated blood loss was 300 (range 150–1000) cc. One patient was still alive at last follow-up (4 months), and in total, eight patients have died with a median time-to-death of 12 months (range 10 days–24 months). RNATT using TB maneuvers like liver mobilization and pancreas-spleen en bloc mobilization provide excellent exposure to the retroperitoneal space and enable the safe removal of UTUC with venous TT.


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