Upgraded modified forms of bituminous coal for the removal of safranin-T dye from aqueous solution

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (22) ◽  
pp. 18135-18151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Shaban ◽  
Mostafa R. Abukhadra ◽  
Mohamed G. Shahien ◽  
Aftab Aslam Parwaz Khan
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Bituminous Coal ◽  
Modified Forms ◽  
Safranin T

scholarly journals Removal of Fluoride from Aqueous Solution Using Biomass-Based Adsorbents: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 44-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Lochan Aryal ◽  
Bhoj Raj Poudel ◽  
Surendra K Gautam ◽  
Hari Paudyal ◽  
Kedar Nath Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Separation Techniques ◽  
Fluoride Uptake ◽  
Adsorption Capacities ◽  
Biomass Materials ◽  
Modified Forms ◽  
Extensive List

Various separation techniques have been successful for the removal of fluoride from aqueous solution. In this review, an extensive list of various biomass-based adsorbents from literature has been explored and their adsorption capacities under different conditions for the removal of fluoride available in the literature to date are presented. Several adsorbents have shown good adsorption capacities; however, modified biomass had shown excellent adsorption capacities compared to commercial materials. This paper reviews the fluoride uptake capacities of biomass materials and their modified forms as adsorbents against different experimental limits.

Structures Formed by Cryoprotective Agents Used in Freezc-Etching

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 448-449
Author(s):  
G. G. Cocks ◽  
C. E. Cluthe
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Polyethylene Oxide ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen Temperature ◽  
Ice Crystals ◽  
Etching Technique ◽  
Structural Constituent ◽  
Cryoprotective Agents ◽  
Quick Freezing ◽  
Freeze Etching ◽  
Fractured Surface

The freeze etching technique is potentially useful for examining dilute solutions or suspensions of macromolecular materials. Quick freezing of aqueous solutions in Freon or propane at or near liquid nitrogen temperature produces relatively large ice crystals and these crystals may damage the structures to be examined. Cryoprotective agents may reduce damage to the specimem, hut their use often results in the formation of a different set of specimem artifacts.In a study of the structure of polyethylene oxide gels glycerol and sucrose were used as cryoprotective agents. The experiments reported here show some of the structures which can appear when these cryoprotective agents are used.Figure 1 shows a fractured surface of a frozen 25% aqueous solution of sucrose. The branches of dendritic ice crystals surrounded hy ice-sucrose eutectic can be seen. When this fractured surface is etched the ice in the dendrites sublimes giving the type of structure shown in Figure 2. The ice-sucrose eutectic etches much more slowly. It is the smooth continuous structural constituent surrounding the branches of the dendrites.

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