AbstractNumerical modelling has become an important tool in the underground rock bolt reinforcement designing process. Numerical modelling provides the advantage of easily and quickly simulating complex underground geometries and mechanisms with sensitivity analyses. However, a numerical model needs to be calibrated using mathematical solutions, lab testing or with actual in-situ observations and measurements (which is the preferred method) before its results can be quantitatively applied to reinforcement design. Instrumented rock bolts provide a useful data source for calibrating in-situ rock bolt models. In this work, procedures have been presented to identify and determine the orientation of structures in the rock mass based on the strains on the instrumented rock bolts. A method to calibrate the rock bolt model with in-situ data is also presented. The results of the presented procedures have been validated with laboratory tests and numerical modelling. The procedures have been applied to create and calibrate an in-situ rock bolt model in FLAC3D and the results are validated using in-situ data.
Analysis of Time-Dependent Soil Behavior Above High-Filled Cut-and-Cover Tunnels Using Discrete Element Method
