Phytoremediation of heavy metals and total petroleum hydrocarbon and nutrients enhancement of Typha latifolia in petroleum secondary effluent for biomass growth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anwar Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Biomass Growth

scholarly journals Typha Latifolia L. Grown in Carrying Petroleum Secondary Effluent Supply Nutrients Enhance for Biomass Growth and Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals and TPH

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anwar Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Aquatic Plant ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Agricultural Wastewater ◽  
Tolerance Strategy ◽  
Innovative Tool ◽  
Transfer Index

Abstract Phytoremediation is an innovative tool which can be used for the treatment of industrial and agricultural wastewater. Typha latifolia L. (T. latifolia L) is an aquatic plant which grows on petroleum secondary effluent (PSE) containing metals like cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn) and TPH (total petroleum hydrocarbon). The growth performance in biomass, nutrient concentrations and heavy metals in parts of the T. latifolia L. The reason for the accumulation of Cd, Co and Mn in T. latifolia L. can be explained as a tolerance strategy due to its transfer index (TI) which is higher than 2.9. The enrichment coefficients of the metals present in the root compared to stem of T. latifolia L. were higher than 3.31 to 2.56 for Cd, 5.35 to 3.55 Co. But, for Mn were found to be lower 1.98 than 3.51 at 75%. Similarly, the enrichment coefficients of all the metals, except for Co, in roots of T. latifolia L. were higher than 5.36. (TI) for Co (2.95) and Mn (2.55) which is absolutely better as compared to the enrichment coefficients of Cd (2.35) and TPH (3.45) in PSE. Thus, there is a possibility that PSE could be a source of important nutrients.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Levels of Heavy Metals, Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon and Total Hydrocarbon Content in Tympanotomus fuscatus and Sediment, Qua Iboe River, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Edidiong E. Ikpe ◽  
Ifiok O. Ekwere ◽  
Etiowo G. Ukpong ◽  
James O. Effiong ◽  
Okon E. Okon
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Total Hydrocarbon ◽  
Hydrocarbon Content ◽  
Total Hydrocarbon Content

This study assesses the levels of heavy metals and  hydrocarbons in Tympanotomus fuscatus and the sediments of Qua Iboe River, Akwa Ibom State; the interest in the study area was due to the several industrial and oil exploration activities in the area. The heavy metals (HM) of interest were Pb, Cd, Cu, Se, Zn, As, Cr, Fe, Ni and Hg, determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy while Total Hydrocarbon Content (THC) and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) were determined by the GC-FID method. Results obtained indicated that the heavy metal concentration in Tympanotomus fuscatus ranged as follows:  Pb (1.037 – 2.002 mg/kg), Cd (0.00 – 0.088 mg/kg), Cu (0.0037 – 10.01 mg/kg), Se (2.364 – 5.063 mg/kg), Zn (0.025 – 1.393 mg/kg), As (0.0113 – 0.355 mg/kg), Cr (1.075 – 3.055 mg/kg), Fe (2.384 – 10.022), Ni (0.045 – 1.223 mg/kg), Hg (0.037 – 1.003 mg/kg) while heavy metal concentration in sediments were: Pb (1.399 – 2.345 mg/kg), Cd (0.0267– 0.222 mg/kg), Cu (0.017 – 10.0197 mg/kg), Se (1.388 – 3.369 mg/kg), Zn (5.688 – 8.038 mg/kg), As (0.003 – 0.0317 mg/kg), Cr (0.0157 – 2.057 mg/kg), Fe (27.351 – 86.686), Ni (0.017 – 5.0413 mg/kg), Hg (0.06 – 1.53 mg/kg); generally, heavy metals levels were higher in dry season than in wet season. The levels of TPH ranged from 160.86 – 1081.52 mg/kg in Tympanotomus fuscatus and 175.97 – 3143.91 mg/kg in sediments; meanwhile, the concentration of TPH ranged from 728.47 – 2442.04 mg/kg in Tympanotomus fuscatus and 492.41 – 7186.25 mg/kg in sediments. Multiple correlation coefficient matrixes were carried out to ascertain the relationship between the pollutants concentration in the biota and sediments. Furthermore, predictive modeling of pollutant concentration in flesh and shell of Tympanotomus fuscatus was estimated. The results indicate that the amounts of HM, TPH and THC in some of the study sites were above the maximum permissible limit set by WHO and FMEnv; thus, pose health risk to humans.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Heavy Metals and Physicochemical Parameters of Oil-contaminated Soil and Water Samples from Bonny, South-South, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
E. U. Ezeji ◽  
C. O. Anyanwu ◽  
N. C. D. Ukwandu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
World Health ◽  
Detectable Limit ◽  
Test Soil ◽  
And Control ◽  
Soil And Water ◽  
Control Samples

This study analyzed physical, chemical and selected heavy metals concentration of oil-polluted soil and water samples from Bonny, South-South, Nigeria. Unpolluted soil and water samples were used as controls. The pH of the test soil sample was acidic (4.24±0.03) when compared with control (7.6±0.05). Chloride, Phosphorus, Magnesium and Potassium concentrations of the test soil samples were 1151.614±0.37 mg/g, 1.23±0.02 mg/g, 11.27±0.34 mg/g and 11.52±0.5 mg/g respectively. Selected heavy metals such as Iron (Fe), Cadmium (Cd), Mercury (Hg), Arsenic (As), Lead (Pb) and Copper (Cu) showed that Hg and As were below detectable limits in test and control samples while Cd and Pb were below detectable limit in the control sample while test sample had 0.015±0.01 mg/g and 1.73±0.04 mg/g respectively. Fe and Cu contents were high at 38.7±0.13 mg/g and 5.49±0.05 mg/g when compared with the control at 3.52±0.02 mg/g and 1.08±0.03 mg/g. Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH), Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and Total Organic Matter (TOM) were at 5.93±0.13 mg/g, 3.64±0.1 mg/g and 4.23±0.1 mg/g respectively. Water pH, Temperature, Conductance, Dissolved Oxygen, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5) and Turbidity were 5.21±0.03, 25.1±0.01ºC, 610±0.04 µS/cm, 5.0±0.03 mg/l, 1.8±0.02 mg/l, and 53.50±0.06 NTU respectively. Chloride, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Potassium, Calcium and Bicarbonate concentrations of the water were 609.82±0.37 mg/ml, 1.03±0.02 mg/ml, 13.41±0.42 mg/ml, 7.68±0.3 mg/ml, 21.22±0.12 mg/ml and 4.3±0.07 mg/ml in that order. Arsenic and Mercury were below detectable limit in both test and control samples while Fe, Cd, Pb, and Cu were 42.2±0.6 mg/ml, 0.016±0.001 mg/ml, 1.9±0.04 mg/ml and 5.2±0.03 mg/ml respectively. Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon, Total Suspended Solids, Total Dissolved Solids, and Total Solids were 3.87±0.11 mg/ml, 23036±0.51 mg/ml, 396.5±0.3 mg/ml and 23433±0.4 respectively. The levels of detected heavy metals were higher than the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limits and Nigerian standard set by Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA). This indicates a moderate level of pollution in both soil and water samples, as a result, poses a serious threat to ecological and species survivability as well as growth and reproduction of aquatic and plant life.

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