We review the general principle of the design and functional modulation of nanoscaled MOF heterostructures, and biomedical applications in enhanced therapy.
Purpose
Previous studies showed early production precedes late perception in Cantonese tone acquisition, contrary to the general principle that perception precedes production in child language. How tone production and perception are linked in 1st language acquisition remains largely unknown. Our study revisited the acquisition of tone in Cantonese-speaking children, exploring the possible link between production and perception in 1st language acquisition.
Method
One hundred eleven Cantonese-speaking children aged between 2;0 and 6;0 (years;months) and 10 adolescent reference speakers participated in tone production and perception experiments. Production materials with 30 monosyllabic words were transcribed in filtered and unfiltered conditions by 2 native judges. Perception accuracy was based on a 2-alternative forced-choice task with pictures covering all possible tone pair contrasts.
Results
Children's accuracy of production and perception of all the 6 Cantonese tones was still not adultlike by age 6;0. Both production and perception accuracies matured with age. A weak positive link was found between the 2 accuracies. Mother's native language contributed to children's production accuracy.
Conclusions
Our findings show that production and perception abilities are associated in tone acquisition. Further study is needed to explore factors affecting production accuracy in children.
Supplemental Material
https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.7960826
AbstractThe current draft of Regulation (EC) 852/2004 promotes a food safety culture as a general principle. The various stakeholders evaluate this planned new development quite differently. While this is very welcome from a scientific point of view, there are still considerable objections from stakeholders of the area for implementation and monitoring. The challenge is how to integrate the principles into industry, and to measure and verify their effectiveness. In this article, the dimensions of food safety culture are illustrated, and an evaluation system is outlined.
The draft of the Regulation (EC) No 852/2004: food safety culture under new administration
