scholarly journals Predicting the Contribution of Age at First Substance Use and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder to Later Addiction Severity in a Clinical Sample from Sub-Saharan Africa: Implications for Prevention and Treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boniface Harerimana ◽  
Michael Kerr ◽  
Richard Csiernik ◽  
Lauren C. Ng ◽  
Eugene Rutembesa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Addiction Severity ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Sub Saharan

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Psychological Interventions in Sub-Saharan Africa: Protocol for a Systematic Review of Literature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vuyokazi Ntlantsana ◽  
Keneilwe Molebatsi ◽  
Sibongile Mashaphu ◽  
Bonginkosi Chiliza ◽  
Dickens H Akena
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Psychological Therapies ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Background: While untreated post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) results in considerable morbidity and higher risk of mortality, little has been done to treat PTSD in low resourced sub-Saharan Africa settings where there is mass exposure of the population to traumatic events. This systematic review aims to summarise available evidence on the efficacy of psychological therapies for PTSD in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).Methods: A systematic search of literature in the PubMed, PsychInfo, EMBASE and Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials electronic databases will be conducted using keywords related to “PTSD”, “psychological therapies” and “SSA”. Two independent researchers will screen for studies eligible for inclusion if set in SSA and randomised controlled trial study design. Data on intervention types, population, comorbidities, comparison group intervention and PTSD outcomes will be extracted from included studies. Risk of bias will be assessed, qualitative synthesis of data will be conducted, and pooled effect estimates calculated.Discussion: Trauma in SSA occurs within the context of unique conditions necessitating applicable interventions. The results of the systematic review will be important in providing a guide for clinicians and researchers in low resource settings in development of effective interventions. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO (CRD42020181638)

scholarly journals Transgenerational effects of the genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda: A post-traumatic stress disorder symptom domain analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Susan Rudahindwa ◽  
Leon Mutesa ◽  
Eugene Rutembesa ◽  
Jean Mutabaruka ◽  
Annie Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Ptsd Symptom ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Transgenerational Effects ◽  
Symptom Domains ◽  
Post Traumatic

Background: A number of studies have investigated transgenerational effects of parental post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its repercussions for offspring. Few studies however, have looked at this issue in the African context. Methods: The present study addresses this gap by utilizing a Pearson correlation matrix to investigate symptom severity within the three Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV (DSM-IV) PTSD symptom domains in mothers exposed to the genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda (n=25) and offspring (n=25), and an ethnically matched set of controls (n=50) who were outside of Rwanda during the 1994 genocide. All mothers were pregnant with the offspring included in the study during the time of the genocide. Results: Total PTS score was significantly (p<0.01) correlated with each of the three symptom domains at various strengths in both cases and controls. No significant differences in association of total PTS score and PTSD symptom domains were observed between exposed mothers and offspring, suggesting that each symptom domain contributed equivalently to both exposed mothers and offspring distress. In contrast, the re-experiencing symptom domain showed a significant difference in correlation to overall PTS score in non-exposed mothers compared to their offspring (p<0.05), with mothers showing a significantly higher correlation. Furthermore, the correlation between avoidance/numbing symptoms to overall PTS was significantly different (p≤0.01) across exposed and non-exposed mothers. As a secondary analysis, we explored the relationship between DNA methylation in the glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) locus, an important stress modulating gene, and PTSD symptom domains, finding an association between DNA methylation and re-experiencing among genocide-exposed mothers that exceeded any other observed associations by approximately two-fold.  Conclusions: This is the first report, to our knowledge, of a symptom-based analysis of transgenerational transmission of PTSD in sub-Saharan Africa. These findings can be leveraged to inform further mechanistic and treatment research for PTSD.

The Relationship between Perfectionism and Rumination in Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah J. Egan ◽  
Mary Hattaway ◽  
Robert T. Kane
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Concern Over Mistakes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Significant Mediator

Background: To date no research has investigated the link between Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and perfectionism in a clinical sample. Aims: The aim of the current study was to examine whether there is a relationship between PTSD and perfectionism. This is important to address as many studies have demonstrated a link between other anxiety disorders, eating disorders, depression and perfectionism. The research also aimed to examine whether rumination was a mediator of the relationship between PTSD and perfectionism. Method: The sample consisted of 30 participants who were currently in treatment for PTSD. Results: The results suggest that perfectionism and PTSD symptoms were significantly correlated. In addition, rumination was a significant mediator of the relationship between Concern over Mistakes and PTSD. Conclusions: These findings help increase understanding about the relationships of perfectionism and rumination in PTSD and have implications for the treatment of PTSD.

scholarly journals Mediating role of avoidance of trauma disclosure and social disapproval in ICD-11 post-traumatic stress disorder and complex post-traumatic stress disorder: cross-sectional study in a Lithuanian clinical sample

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Kvedaraite ◽  
Odeta Gelezelyte ◽  
Thanos Karatzias ◽  
Neil P. Roberts ◽  
Evaldas Kazlauskas
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Trauma Exposure ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Relationship

Background ICD-11 includes a new diagnosis of complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD), resulting predominantly from reoccurring or prolonged trauma. Previous studies showed that lack of social support is among the strongest predictors of PTSD, but social factors have been sparsely studied in the context of the ICD-11 definition of PTSD and CPTSD. Aims To analyse the factor structure of the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) in a Lithuanian clinical sample and to evaluate the mediating role of social and interpersonal factors in the relationship between trauma exposure and ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD. Method The sample comprised 280 adults from out-patient mental health centres (age, years: mean 39.48 (s.d. = 13.35); 77.5% female). Trauma-related stress symptoms were measured with the ITQ. Social disapproval was measured with the Social Acknowledgment Questionnaire (SAQ) and trauma disclosure using the Disclosure of Trauma Questionnaire (DTQ). Results ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD prevalence among the participants in this study was 13.9% and 10.0% respectively. Results indicated that avoidance of trauma disclosure mediated the relationship between trauma exposure and PTSD as well as CPTSD, whereas social disapproval mediated only the relationship between trauma exposure and CPTSD. Conclusions The findings suggest that disclosure of traumatic experiences and support from closest friends and family members might mitigate the effects of traumatic experiences, potentially reducing the risk of developing CPTSD.

A Victim Typology of Sexual Harassment

2008 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 819-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Holcomb ◽  
Megan G. Holcomb
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Damage Awards ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Dsm Iv

A clinical sample of 20 sexual harassment victims who were successful in obtaining damage awards for trauma through the judicial system were sources of this descriptive study. Ratings of physical coercion of the harassment, MMPI–2 scores, and ratings on DSM–IV symptoms were analyzed. The majority of subjects met the DSM–IV criteria of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. A cluster analysis identified four clusters of harassment victims, described as older-mature, younger-mature, anxious-guilty, and expressive-adaptive based on MMPI–2 scores and symptoms.

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