Exploiting natural language services: a polarity based black-box attack

2022 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma Gumus ◽  
M. Fatih Amasyali
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Language Services

scholarly journals VNLP: Visible natural language processing

2021 ◽  
pp. 147387162110388
Author(s):  
Mohammad Alharbi ◽  
Matthew Roach ◽  
Tom Cheesman ◽  
Robert S Laramee
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Black Box ◽  
User Preferences ◽  
Text Similarity ◽  
Input Text ◽  
Visually Based ◽  
Pipeline Design

In general, Natural Language Processing (NLP) algorithms exhibit black-box behavior. Users input text and output are provided with no explanation of how the results are obtained. In order to increase understanding and trust, users value transparent processing which may explain derived results and enable understanding of the underlying routines. Many approaches take an opaque approach by default when designing NLP tools and do not incorporate a means to steer and manipulate the intermediate NLP steps. We present an interactive, customizable, visual framework that enables users to observe and participate in the NLP pipeline processes, explicitly manipulate the parameters of each step, and explore the result visually based on user preferences. The visible NLP (VNLP) pipeline design is then applied to a text similarity application to demonstrate the utility and advantages of a visible and transparent NLP pipeline in supporting users to understand and justify both the process and results. We also report feedback on our framework from a modern languages expert.

scholarly journals Digiprescription: An Intelligent System to Enable Paperless Prescription using Mobile Computing and Natural-language Processing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Zhang ◽  
Mary Zhao ◽  
Yucheng Jiang ◽  
Sophadeth Rithya ◽  
Yu Sun
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Mobile Computing ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Intelligent System ◽  
Drug Information ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Patient’S Information

Through our app, it is aimed to teach and tell the patients how to use the drug properly taking off the chances of putting their lives in danger, especially the elderly. It is also efficient to give patients these instructions as well as saving lots of paper. Because of the law, every drug that is given from the pharmacy to the user includes a receipt that lists information of, patient’s information, drug information, insurance information, directions on taking the medicine (black box warning issued by FDA), medication details on how it works, side effects, storage rules, and etc. These pieces of information are crucial to patients, where it tells them how to use the drug properly, but most people would throw these receipts away, which is a risk as well as a waste. Through using this app, the patient can efficiently get information on how to properly use the drug. This application is also helpful, where the user can choose to set reminders on when to eat this drug each week or month.

Deliberative Democracy in an Unequal World: AText-As-DataStudy of South India’s Village Assemblies

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 623-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAMYA PARTHASARATHY ◽  
VIJAYENDRA RAO ◽  
NETHRA PALANISWAMY
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Deliberative Democracy ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Real World ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Rural India ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Indian Context

This paper opens the “black box” of real-world deliberation by usingtext-as-datamethods on a corpus of transcripts from the constitutionally mandatedgram sabhas, or village assemblies, of rural India. Drawing on normative theories of deliberation, we identify empirical standards for “good” deliberation based on one’s ability both to speak and to be heard, and use natural language processing methods to generate these measures. We first show that, even in the rural Indian context, these assemblies are not mere “talking shops,” but rather provide opportunities for citizens to challenge their elected officials, demand transparency, and provide information about local development needs. Second, we find that women are at a disadvantage relative to men; they are less likely to speak, set the agenda, and receive a relevant response from state officials. And finally, we show that quotas for women for village presidencies improve the likelihood that female citizens are heard.

An Overview of Facilities Providing Clinical Services for Persons Who Stutter in Kuwait

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 79-95
Author(s):  
Latifa Alsalmi ◽  
Robert Mayo
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Department Heads ◽  
Clinical Services ◽  
Medical Settings ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Language Services ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Clinical Directors

Presently, no clear picture is available about the facilities providing clinical services for persons who stutter (PWS) in Kuwait. This information is crucial for any awareness program to be established in the future. The purpose of this study was to identify clinical facilities and speech-language personnel that provide services for PWS in Kuwait. Participants consisted of 21 clinical directors of governmental medical centers, non-profit clinics, and private clinics as well as department heads of governmental school clinics where speech-language services were provided. Participants were interviewed regarding the availability of speech-language services within their centers and whether or not PWS receive services. The results revealed that four out of five governmental medical centers with a total of 32 speech-language pathologists (SLPs) provided services for PWS. Additionally, 12 schools of special education were found to have 62 SLPs on their staff providing fluency services for students. Finally, two stand-alone private clinics and one non-profit clinic provided services for PWS. Results indicated an overall shortage of SLPs in the country, especially in medical settings. This study sets the foundation for a series of future studies investigating the type and quality of stuttering services provided by the identified facilities in Kuwait.

FDA: Contrast Agent Black Box Behind NSF Reduction

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
KERRI WACHTER
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Agent ◽  
Black Box

FDA Adds Black Box Warning for Elidel, Protopic

2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
DEEANNA FRANKLIN
Keyword(s):  
Black Box

Black Box for Elidel, Pimecrolimus Challenged

2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
BETSY BATES
Keyword(s):  
Black Box
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