scholarly journals Predicting performance indicators with ANNs for AI-based online scheduling in dynamically interconnected assembly systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amon Göppert ◽  
Leon Mohring ◽  
Robert H. Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Computing Time ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
Online Scheduling ◽  
System Response ◽  
Assembly Systems ◽  
Discrete Event Simulations ◽  
Predicting Performance

AbstractMass customization demands shorter manufacturing system response times due to frequent product changes. This increase in system dynamics imposes additional flexibility requirements especially on assembly processes, as complexity accumulates in this last step of value creation. Flexible and dynamically interconnected assembly systems can meet the increased requirements as opposed to traditional dedicated assembly line approaches. The high complexity and dynamical environment in these kinds of systems lead to the demand for real-time online control and scheduling solutions. Within the decision-making of online scheduling, the capability of predicting the consequences of available actions is crucial. In real-time environments, running extensive discrete-event simulations to evaluate how actions unfold requires too much computing time. Artificial neural networks (ANN) are a viable alternative to quickly evaluate the potential future performance value of a production state for online production planning and control. They can predict performance indicators such as the expected makespan given the current production status. Leveraging recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) game algorithms, an assembly control system based on Google DeepMind’s AlphaZero was created. Specifically, an ANN is incorporated into the approach that suggests favorable job routing decisions and predicts the value of actions. The results show that the trained network can predict favorable actions with an accuracy of over 95% and estimate the makespan with an error smaller than 3%.

scholarly journals Pathway Complexity of Model Virus Capsid Assembly Systems

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 277-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navodit Misra ◽  
Daniel Lees ◽  
Tiequan Zhang ◽  
Russell Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Event ◽  
Reaction Pathways ◽  
Assembly Systems ◽  
Capsid Assembly ◽  
Reaction Systems ◽  
Discrete Event Simulations ◽  
Differential Equation Models ◽  
Assembly Kinetics ◽  
Pathway Models ◽  
Event Simulations

As computational and mathematical studies become increasingly central to studies of complicated reaction systems, it will become ever more important to identify the assumptions our models must make and determine when those assumptions are valid. Here, we examine that question with respect to viral capsid assembly by studying the ‘pathway complexity’ of model capsid assembly systems, which we informally define as the number of reaction pathways and intermediates one must consider to accurately describe a given system. We use two model types for this study: ordinary differential equation models, which allow us to precisely and deterministically compare the accuracy of capsid models under different degrees of simplification, and stochastic discrete event simulations, which allow us to sample use of reaction intermediates across a wide parameter space allowing for an extremely large number of possible reaction pathways. The models provide complementary information in support of a common conclusion that the ability of simple pathway models to adequately explain capsid assembly kinetics varies considerably across the space of biologically meaningful assembly parameters. These studies provide grounds for caution regarding our ability to reliably represent real systems with simple models and to extrapolate results from one set of assembly conditions to another. In addition, the analysis tools developed for this study are likely to have broader use in the analysis and efficient simulation of large reaction systems.

scholarly journals Novel Instrumentation for Real-Time Monitoring Using Miniaturized Flow Systems with Integrated Biosensors

1997 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Freaney ◽  
A McShane ◽  
T V Keaveny ◽  
M McKenna ◽  
K Rabenstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Dead Volume ◽  
System Response ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Biosensor Array ◽  
In Vivo Testing ◽  
On Line

A prototype miniaturized Total Chemical Analysis System (μTAS) has been developed and applied to on-line monitoring of glucose and lactate in the core blood of anaesthetized dogs. The system consists of a highly efficient microdialysis sampling interface sited in a small-scale extracorporeal shunt circuit (‘MiniShunt’), a silicon machined microflow manifold and integrated biosensor array for glucose and lactate detection with associated computer software for analytical process control. During in-vivo testing the device allowed real-time on-screen monitoring of glucose and lactate with system response times of less than 5 min, made possible by the small dead volume of the microflow system. On-line glucose and lactate measurements were made in the basal state as well as during intravenous infusion of glucose or lactate. The prototype μTAS is currently suitable for trend monitoring but refinements are necessary before application of the system for determination of individual lactate values.

scholarly journals Measuring the Realtime Capability of Parallel-Discrete-Event-Simulations

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 636
Author(s):  
Christina Obermaier ◽  
Raphael Riebl ◽  
Ali H. Al-Bayatti ◽  
Sarmadullah Khan ◽  
Christian Facchi
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Soft Or ◽  
Real Time Simulation ◽  
The Real ◽  
Discrete Event Simulations ◽  
Time Simulation ◽  
Parallel Discrete Event ◽  
Event Simulations

Speeding up Discrete Event Simulations (DESs) is a broad research field. Promising Parallel Discrete Event Simulation (PDES) approaches with optimistic and conservative synchronisation schemes have emerged throughout the years. However, in the area of real-time simulation, PDESs are rarely considered. This is caused by the complex problem of fitting parallel executed DES models to a real-time clock. Hence, this paper gives an extensive review of existing conservative and optimistic synchronisation schemes for PDESs. It introduces a metric to compare their real-time capabilities to determine whether they can be used for soft or firm real-time simulation. Examples are given on how to apply this metric to evaluate PDESs using synthetic and real-world examples. The results of the investigation reveal that no final answer can be given if PDESs can be used for soft or firm real-time simulation as they are. However, boundary conditions were defined, which allow a use-case specific evaluation of the real-time capabilities of a certain parallel executed DES. Using this in-depth knowledge and can lead to predictability of the real-time behaviour of a simulation run.

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