Independent control of multiple magnetic microrobots: design, dynamic modelling, and control

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-224
Author(s):  
Ruhollah Khalesi ◽  
Hossein Nejat Pishkenari ◽  
Gholamreza Vossoughi
1999 ◽  
Vol 146 (3) ◽  
pp. 317 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M. Liaw ◽  
T.H. Chen ◽  
W.L. Lin

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 168781401880560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyuan Zhu ◽  
Fei Meng ◽  
Haiping Du ◽  
Hamid Reza Karimi

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (24) ◽  
pp. 691-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coen P.H Elemans ◽  
Riccardo Zaccarelli ◽  
Hanspeter Herzel

The neuromuscular control of vocalization in birds requires complicated and precisely coordinated motor control of the vocal organ (i.e. the syrinx), the respiratory system and upper vocal tract. The biomechanics of the syrinx is very complex and not well understood. In this paper, we aim to unravel the contribution of different control parameters in the coo of the ring dove ( Streptopelia risoria ) at the syrinx level. We designed and implemented a quantitative biomechanical syrinx model that is driven by physiological control parameters and includes a muscle model. Our simple nonlinear model reproduces the coo, including the inspiratory note, with remarkable accuracy and suggests that harmonic content of song can be controlled by the geometry and rest position of the syrinx. Furthermore, by systematically switching off the control parameters, we demonstrate how they affect amplitude and frequency modulations and generate new experimentally testable hypotheses. Our model suggests that independent control of amplitude and frequency seems not to be possible with the simple syringeal morphology of the ring dove. We speculate that songbirds evolved a syrinx design that uncouples the control of different sound parameters and allows for independent control. This evolutionary key innovation provides an additional explanation for the rapid diversification and speciation of the songbirds.


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