scholarly journals Zelluläres Tauziehen: Wie Zellen auf mechanischen Stress antworten

BIOspektrum ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-389
Author(s):  
Kai Weissenbruch ◽  
Marc Hippler ◽  
Martin Bastmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Homeostasis ◽  
Physical Basis ◽  
Technical Advance ◽  
Molecular Scale ◽  
Sense And Respond ◽  
Intracellular Forces

AbstractThe ability of cells to sense and respond to extracellular forces is critical for cellular and tissue homeostasis. Tension or compression act on our body ubiquitously and cells respond to such mechanical cues by producing intracellular forces on their own. In this article, we briefly highlight the cellular and physical basis driving these phenomena and discuss our recent technical advance to stimulate and monitor the cellular mechanoresponse on a molecular scale.

Xenobiotic receptors and the regulation of intestinal homeostasis - harnessing the chemical output of the intestinal microbiota

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristoff M. Nieves ◽  
Simon A. Hirota ◽  
Kyle L. Flannigan
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Pregnane X Receptor ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Tissue Homeostasis ◽  
Commensal Bacteria ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
Microbial Metabolites ◽  
Aryl Hydrocarbon ◽  
Sense And Respond

The commensal bacteria that reside in the gastrointestinal tract exist in a symbiotic relationship with the host, driving the development of the immune system and maintaining metabolic and tissue homeostasis in the local environment. The intestinal microbiota has the capacity to generate a wide array of chemical metabolites to which the cells of the intestinal mucosa are exposed. Host cells express xenobiotic receptors, such as the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and pregnane X receptor (PXR), that can sense and respond to chemicals that are generated by non-host pathways. In this review, we will outline the physiological and immunological processes within the intestinal environment that are regulated by microbial metabolites through the activation of the AhR and PXR, with a focus on ligands generated by the step-wise catabolism of tryptophan.

STM of freeze-fracture replicas: Problems and promises

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 68-69
Author(s):  
J. T. Woodward ◽  
J. A. N. Zasadzinski
Keyword(s):  
Scanning Tunneling Microscope ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Atomic Resolution ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Tunneling Microscope ◽  
Molecular Scale ◽  
Organic Surfaces ◽  
Metal Layers ◽  
Conductive Surfaces

The Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) offers exciting new ways of imaging surfaces of biological or organic materials with resolution to the sub-molecular scale. Rigid, conductive surfaces can readily be imaged with the STM with atomic resolution. Unfortunately, organic surfaces are neither sufficiently conductive or rigid enough to be examined directly with the STM. At present, nonconductive surfaces can be examined in two ways: 1) Using the AFM, which measures the deflection of a weak spring as it is dragged across the surface, or 2) coating or replicating non-conductive surfaces with metal layers so as to make them conductive, then imaging with the STM. However, we have found that the conventional freeze-fracture technique, while extremely useful for imaging bulk organic materials with STM, must be modified considerably for optimal use in the STM.

The physical basis of mind.

1877 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Henry Lewes
Keyword(s):  
Physical Basis

Sense-and-Respond Strategies Survey

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liem Viet Ngo ◽  
Tania Bucic ◽  
Ashish Sinha ◽  
Vinh Nhat Lu
Keyword(s):  
Sense And Respond

The Physical Basis of Heredity

1922 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
James B. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Physical Basis

Oriented Luminescent Nanostructures From Single Molecules Of Conjugated Polymers

2003 ◽  
Vol 771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adosh Mehta ◽  
Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Jie Zheng ◽  
Robert M. Dickson ◽  
Bobby Sumpter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conjugated Polymers ◽  
Polarization Anisotropy ◽  
Emission Pattern ◽  
Spectral Signatures ◽  
Dipole Emission ◽  
Ink Jet ◽  
Molecular Scale ◽  
Jet Printing ◽  
Photochemical Stability ◽  
Printing Techniques

AbstractDipole emission pattern imaging experiments on single chains of common conjugated polymers (solubilized poly phenylene vinylenes) isolated by ink-jet printing techniques have revealed surprising uniformity in transition moment orientation perpendicular to the support substrate. In addition to uniform orientation, these species show a number of striking differences in photochemical stability, polarization anisotropy,[1] and spectral signatures[2] with respect to similar (well-studied) molecules dispersed in dilute thin-films. Combined with molecular mechanics simulation, these results point to a structural picture of a folded macromolecule as a highly ordered cylindrical nanostructure whose long-axis (approximately collinear with the conjugation axis) is oriented, by an electrostatic interaction, perpendicular to the coverglass substrate. These results suggest a number of important applications in nanoscale photonics and molecular-scale optoelectronics.

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