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2021 ◽  
Vol 141 (10) ◽  
pp. S171
Author(s):  
G. Rikken ◽  
L. Meesters ◽  
I.M. van Vlijmen-Willems ◽  
D. Rodijk-Olthuis ◽  
P. Jansen ◽  
...  


Author(s):  
Chao Ma ◽  
Lijun Shen ◽  
Hao Deng ◽  
Jialin Li

It is well known that neurons communicate through synapses in the nervous system, and the size, morphology, and connectivity of synapses determine the functional properties of the neural network. Therefore, synapses have always been one of the key objects of neuroscience. Due to the technical advance in electron microscope (EM), the physical structure of synapses can be observed at high resolution. Nevbarheless, to date, the automatic analysis of the synapse in EM images is still a challenging task. In this paper, we proposed a fractal dimension-based segmentation method for synaptic clef of mouse cortex on EM image stack. Our method does not require a lot of groundtruth to train the model, and shows better adaptive anti-noise performance. That should be ascribed to the stability of segmentation-related key parameters in the data from same tissue. In this way, we only need to give initial values, and then gradually adjust these key parameters. Experiments reveal that our method achieves the desired results, and reduces the time in artificial annotating, so that researchers can focus more on the analysis of segmentation results.



JCI Insight ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen L. Collins
Keyword(s):  


BIOspektrum ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-389
Author(s):  
Kai Weissenbruch ◽  
Marc Hippler ◽  
Martin Bastmeyer

AbstractThe ability of cells to sense and respond to extracellular forces is critical for cellular and tissue homeostasis. Tension or compression act on our body ubiquitously and cells respond to such mechanical cues by producing intracellular forces on their own. In this article, we briefly highlight the cellular and physical basis driving these phenomena and discuss our recent technical advance to stimulate and monitor the cellular mechanoresponse on a molecular scale.



2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niki Thomas ◽  
Vinay Poodari ◽  
Miten Jain ◽  
Hugh Olsen ◽  
Mark Akeson ◽  
...  

We describe a method for direct tRNA sequencing using the Oxford Nanopore MinION. The principal technical advance is custom adapters that facilitate end-to-end sequencing of individual tRNA molecules. A second advance is a Nanopore sequencing pipeline optimized for tRNA. We tested this method using purified E. coli tRNAfMet, tRNALys, and tRNAPhe samples. 76-to-92% of individual aligned tRNA sequence reads were full length. As proof of concept, we showed that Nanopore sequencing detected all 42 expected tRNA isoacceptors in total E. coli tRNA. Alignment-based comparison between the three purified tRNAs and their synthetic controls revealed systematic miscalls at or adjacent to the positions of known nucleotide modifications. Systematic miscalls were also observed proximal to known modifications in total E. coli tRNA alignments.



Author(s):  
Benedikt Bruognolo ◽  
Jheng-Wei Li ◽  
Jan von Delft ◽  
Andreas Weichselbaum

Infinite projected entangled pair states (iPEPS) have emerged as a powerful tool for studying interacting two-dimensional fermionic systems. In this review, we discuss the iPEPS construction and some basic properties of this tensor network (TN) ansatz. Special focus is put on (i) a gentle introduction of the diagrammatic TN representations forming the basis for deriving the complex numerical algorithm, and (ii) the technical advance of fully exploiting non-abelian symmetries for fermionic iPEPS treatments of multi-band lattice models. The exploitation of non-abelian symmetries substantially increases the performance of the algorithm, enabling the treatment of fermionic systems up to a bond dimension D=24D=24 on a square lattice. A variety of complex two-dimensional (2D) models thus become numerically accessible. Here, we present first promising results for two types of multi-band Hubbard models, one with 22 bands of spinful fermions of \mathrm{SU}(2)_\mathrm{spin} \otimes \mathrm{SU}(2)_\mathrm{orb}SU(2)spin⊗SU(2)orb symmetry, the other with 33 flavors of spinless fermions of \mathrm{SU}(3)_\mathrm{flavor}SU(3)flavor symmetry.





2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
Robert Dale

AbstractGPT-3 made the mainstream media headlines this year, generating far more interest than we’d normally expect of a technical advance in NLP. People are fascinated by its ability to produce apparently novel text that reads as if it was written by a human. But what kind of practical applications can we expect to see, and can they be trusted?



PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0241323
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Larson-Casey ◽  
Chao He ◽  
Pulin Che ◽  
Meimei Wang ◽  
Guoqiang Cai ◽  
...  


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