Chronic Cyanuric Acid Exposure Depresses Hippocampal LTP but Does Not Disrupt Spatial Learning or Memory in the Morris Water Maze

Abstract Objectives H-89 (a protein kinase AII [PKA II] inhibitor) impairs the spatial memory in the Morris water maze task in rats. In the present study, we aimed to study the protective effects of nicotine and O-acetyl-L-carnitine against H-89-induced spatial memory deficits. Methods Spatial memory impairment was induced by the bilateral intrahippocampal administration of 10 µM H-89 (dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO) to rats. The rats then received bilateral administrations of either nicotine (1 μg/μL, dissolved in saline) or O-acetyl-L-carnitine (100 μM/side, dissolved in deionized water) alone and in combination. Control groups received either saline, deionized water, or DMSO. Results The H-89-treated animals showed significant increases in the time and distance travelled to find hidden platforms, and there was also a significant decrease in the time spent in the target quadrant compared to DMSO-treated animals. Nicotine and O-acetyl-L-carnitine had no significant effects on H-89-induced spatial learning impairments alone, but the bilateral intrahippocampal co-administration of nicotine and O-acetyl-L-carnitine prevented H-89-induced spatial learning deficits and increased the time spent in the target quadrant in comparison with H-89-treated animals. Conclusions Our results indicated the potential synergistic effects of nicotine and O-acetyl-L-carnitine in preventing protein kinase AII inhibitor (H-89)-induced spatial learning impairments.

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Interactive involvement of hippocampal cAMP/PKA and cyclooxygenase-2 signaling pathways in spatial learning in the Morris water maze

Folia Neuropathologica ◽

10.5114/fn.2018.74660 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 56 (1) ◽

pp. 58-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kaveh Tabrizian ◽

Mahmoud Hashemzaei ◽

Ali Akbar Nasiri ◽

Sheyda Najafi ◽

Fatemeh Amelinia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Signaling Pathways ◽

Morris Water Maze ◽

Spatial Learning ◽

Water Maze ◽

Cyclooxygenase 2

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An experimental procedure in behavioral neuroscience known as the Morris water maze is a method to assess the animals' ability of spatial learning and memory. In the experiment, test animals are placed in a pool filled with a pool of clouded water where t

Genes to Cells ◽

10.1111/gtc.12192 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 19 (11) ◽

pp. i-i

Keyword(s):

Learning And Memory ◽

Morris Water Maze ◽

Spatial Learning ◽

Water Maze ◽

Behavioral Neuroscience ◽

Spatial Learning And Memory ◽

Experimental Procedure

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A role for 5-ht6 receptors in retention of spatial learning in the Morris water maze

Neuropharmacology ◽

10.1016/s0028-3908(01)00056-9 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 210-219 ◽

Cited By ~ 152

Author(s):

M.L Woolley ◽

J.C Bentley ◽

A.J Sleight ◽

C.A Marsden ◽

K.C.F Fone

Keyword(s):

Morris Water Maze ◽

Spatial Learning ◽

Water Maze

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Timing-Dependent Protection of Swimming Exercise against d-Galactose-Induced Aging-Like Impairments in Spatial Learning/Memory in Rats

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci9090236 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 236 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xue Li ◽

Lu Wang ◽

Shuling Zhang ◽

Xiang Hu ◽

Huijun Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Synaptic Plasticity ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Protein Expression ◽

Morris Water Maze ◽

Spatial Learning ◽

Water Maze ◽

Training Group ◽

Swimming Exercise ◽

Control Group ◽

Creb Protein

This study was designed to investigate beneficial effects of swimming exercise training on learning/memory, synaptic plasticity and CREB (cAMP response element binding protein) expression in hippocampus in a rat model of d-galactose-induced aging (DGA). Eighty adult male rats were randomly divided into four groups: Saline Control (group C), DGA (group A), Swimming exercise before DGA (group S1), and Swimming during DGA (group S2). These four groups of animals were further divided into Morris water maze training group (M subgroup) and sedentary control group (N subgroup). Spatial learning/memory was tested using Morris water maze training. The number and density of synaptophysin (Syp) and metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) in hippocampal dentate gyrus area, CREB mRNA and protein expression and DNA methylation levels were determined respectively with immunohistochemistry, western blot, real-time PCR, and MassArray methylation detection platform. We found that compared with group C, DGA rats showed aging-like poor health and weight loss as well as hippocampal neurodegenerative characteristics. Exercise training led to a time-dependent decrease in average escape latency and improved spatial memory. Exercise training group (S2M) had significantly increased swim distance as compared with controls. These functional improvements in S2M group were associated with higher Syp and mGluR1 values in hippocampus (p < 0.01) as well as higher levels of hippocampal CREB protein/mRNA expression and gene methylation. In conclusion, swimming exercise training selectively during drug-induced aging process protected hippocampal neurons against DGA-elicited degenerative changes and in turn maintained neuronal synaptic plasticity and learning/memory function, possibly through upregulation of hippocampal CREB protein/mRNA and reduction of DGA-induced methylation of CREB.

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Hyperthermia-Induced Febrile Seizures Have Moderate and Transient Effects on Spatial Learning in Immature Rats

Behavioural Neurology ◽

10.1155/2015/924303 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nawel Yagoubi ◽

Yosra Jomni ◽

Mohsen Sakly

Keyword(s):

Learning And Memory ◽

Morris Water Maze ◽

Spatial Learning ◽

Water Maze ◽

Febrile Seizures ◽

Hot Water ◽

Spatial Learning And Memory ◽

Transient Effects ◽

Hyperthermia Treatment ◽

Immature Rats

The aim of this study was to characterize a novel animal model hyperthermia-induced febrile seizure and to investigate the impacts of repetitive febrile seizures on spatial learning and memory performances in immature rats.Methods. Rats were subjected to hyperthermia exposure one, two, or three times in 10-day intervals during 30 min in a water bath warmed at 45–50°C and their behaviour was monitored. Morris water maze spatial learning and memory were examined for control and treated groups. Results showed that rats subjected to 30-minute hyperthermia hot water developed rapidly myoclonic jerks and then generalized seizures. After a single hyperthermia exposure, the time for generalised tonic-clonic seizures appearance was 16.08 ± 0.60 min and it decreased gradually with repetitive exposure to reach 12.46 ± 0.39 min by the third exposure. Febrile seizures altered the spatial learning and memory abilities in Morris water maze and increased the time spent to attain the platform after one or two exposures, while after a third exposure rats exhibited the same latency compared to controls. Similar results were obtained in probe test where rats, subjected to hyperthermia for one or two episodes, spent less time in the target quadrant compared to corresponding controls. Further, when platform was moved from northwest to southwest quadrant, memory transfer test indicated that after one or two hyperthermia exposures cognitive performances were slightly altered, while after a third exposure the latency to escape increased significantly compared to untreated group. It was concluded that 30 min of hyperthermia hot water was sufficient to induce febrile seizures in immature rats and an increase of susceptibility was observed with repetitive hyperthermia exposure. Hyperthermia treatment impaired cognitive performances but the effects were mostly transient and moderate.

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