Background: The diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is based on a combination of endoscopic, clinical and biochemical investigations as well as cross-sectional imaging. The applications of cross-sectional imaging in IBD are manifold. Ultrasonography has emerged as an important imaging modality in the diagnosis of Crohn's disease (CD) as well as for monitoring disease progression and in the therapeutic response to CD and ulcerative colitis (UC). Key Messages: Ultrasonography is non-invasive, radiation free, cheap, easy to use and well tolerated and accepted by patients. Bowel ultrasonography can be used for the primary diagnosis of CD as it has a similar sensitivity and specificity like that of MRI and CT, particularly in the case of CD. Ultrasonography can also be used to monitor treatment response to therapy and to detect disease recurrence of CD as well as UC. In CD, ultrasonography can also be used to detect complications such as strictures as well as extramural complications, including abscesses and fistulas. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography is a useful tool that might be helpful to detect certain indications in CD, in particular the differentiation between abscesses and inflammation. Conclusion: A variety of advantages of bowel ultrasonography over other imaging modalities suggest the more frequent use of this method to manage IBD patients in daily practice. Bowel ultrasonography should be a standard tool in IBD centers.
Inflammatory bowel disease—the role of cross-sectional imaging techniques in the investigation of the small bowel
