Sex pheromone of the African armyworm Spodoptera exempta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): identification of components of the Okinawan population and formulation for population monitoring

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadao Wakamura ◽  
Hiroe Yasui ◽  
Masayuki Shimatani ◽  
Tadaakira Tokashiki ◽  
Tamio Okuhira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Population Monitoring ◽  
Spodoptera Exempta ◽  
African Armyworm ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Persistent populations of males of the African armyworm, Spodoptera exempta (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in Malawi

1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. K. C. Nyirenda
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Monthly Rainfall ◽  
Spodoptera Exempta ◽  
African Armyworm ◽  
Sex Pheromone Components ◽  
Pheromone Components ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Made In

AbstractRegular catches of males of Spodoptera exempta (Walker) were made in 41 pheromone disc traps scattered throughout Malawi in 1978–82. Each trap had a vial, replaced monthly, containing 2 mg of a 13·3:1 mixture of two sex-pheromone components of the female. Over the five-year period, males were caught every month at a majority of sites throughout the country, suggesting that they came from populations resident in Malawi. Sites at which moths were regularly caught had areas with green grass throughout the year which could have sustained larvae within their vicinity. A few sites at which moths were caught only occasionally had very dry immediate surroundings in the dry season, and it is suggested that moths caught at these sites are primarily migrants from either within or outside Malawi. There was no obvious relationship between site elevation, monthly rainfall and monthly moth catches or whether moths were caught persistently or irregularly. The results strongly suggest that some of the moths captured throughout the year in Malawi developed locally while some originate in other countries such as Mozambique.

African Armyworm, Spodoptera exempta (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2008 ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
George Hangay ◽  
Severiano F. Gayubo ◽  
Marjorie A. Hoy ◽  
Marta Goula ◽  
Allen Sanborn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Exempta ◽  
African Armyworm ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Forecasting the severity of seasonal outbreaks of African armyworm, Spodoptera exempta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in kenya from the previous year's rainfall

1996 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Haggis
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Exempta ◽  
African Armyworm ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Coastal Belt ◽  
Source Populations ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractRainfall records for 23 years at 21 selected stations in Kenya were summarized and compared with the numbers of outbreaks of armyworm Spodoptera exempta (Walker) reported in the following season. The numbers of outbreaks were found to be negatively correlated with the rainfall of the 6–8 months preceding the start of the season. Stations in south-eastern Kenya, including the coastal belt which harbours the most extensive off-season source populations of S. exempta, were identified as key stations for forecasting whether to anticipate local or countrywide armyworm outbreaks next season. A scheme is suggested that would enable a provisional forecast to be made as soon as the long rains (April–May) rainfall records were available, and confirmed or revised subsequently in the light of the June–October rainfall at stations in south-eastern Kenya.

Light-trap catches of African armyworm moths, Spodoptera exempta (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in relation to rain and wind

1983 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Tucker
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Spodoptera Exempta ◽  
Trap Catch ◽  
Early Season ◽  
African Armyworm ◽  
Light Wind ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Very High

AbstractThe association between weather and light-trap catches of Spodoptera exempta (Wlk.) was examined for four traps in East Africa, using whole–night catches and several years' data. Large increases in trap catch were found to be (1) significantly associated with rain at all four traps for the period December–March, but not for later in the season; (2) significantly associated with light wind periods at Muguga for December–May, but not later in the year, and not at Nakuru, due to the very high overall frequency of light winds there; and (3) not significantly associated with windshifts at either Muguga or Nakuru. These results suggest that high densities of flying moths, which may give rise to caterpillar outbreaks early in the year, often occur where the rather infrequent early–season rains fall.

Predicting the severity of Spodoptera exempta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) outbreak seasons in Tanzania

1995 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.W. Harvey ◽  
G.A. Mallya
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Spodoptera Exempta ◽  
Convergence Zone ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Inter Tropical Convergence Zone ◽  
African Armyworm ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractOutbreaks of the African armyworm, Spodoptera exempta (Walker), in East Africa follow a seasonal pattern related to the movement of the inter-tropical convergence zone. The season typically begins in central Tanzania with primary outbreaks that coincide with the arrival of the rains. An analysis of 27 years' light trap records shows a high negative correlation between the total number of moths caught by light traps during the season over the whole country and the number of rain days during November in central Tanzania. Out of the 27 seasons, 22 could have been correctly predicted as ‘light’ or ‘severe’, using the November rainfall at one station, Dodoma, in time to give two months' warning before the peak of the season.

New evidence on the migration of moths of the African armyworm, Spodoptera exempta (Wlk.) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)

1966 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 671-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Brown ◽  
G. Swaine
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Spodoptera Exempta ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
African Armyworm ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Fresh evidence is described which supports the theory that moths of the Noctuid Spodoptera exempta (Wlk.) (the adult stage of the African armyworm) are migratory. The evidence comes from four main sources: a study of fluctuations in numbers of moths caught in a network of light-traps operated in East Africa; the fertilisation rates in samples of females as shown by dissection; the sex ratios in samples of moths caught in light-traps; and a study of the behaviour of moths in the field during the period immediately following emergence. In certain of these features S. exempta is compared and contrasted with the related S. triturata (Wlk.), in which the evidence points against extensive migration.It is concluded that migration occurs in S. exempta, probably on an extensive scale, and that it therefore has an important bearing on the occurrence and distribution of outbreaks of the larvae.

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