Non-strategic detection of identity-threatening information: Epistemic validation and identity defense may share a common cognitive basis

Readers use prior knowledge to evaluate the validity of statements and detect false information without effort and strategic control. The present study expands this research by exploring whether people also non-strategically detect information that threatens their social identity. Participants (N = 77) completed a task in which they had to respond to a “True” or “False” probe after reading true, false, identity-threatening, or non-threatening sentences. Replicating previous studies, participants reacted more slowly to a positive probe (“True”) after reading false (vs. true) sentences. Notably, participants also reacted more slowly to a positive probe after reading identity-threatening (vs. non-threatening) sentences. These results provide first evidence that identity-threatening information, just as false information, is detected at a very early stage of information processing and lends support to the notion of a routine, non-strategic identity-defense mechanism.

Assessment of weight gain and control of parasitism by Rhipicephalus microplus in dairy cattle in the field using organosynthetic parasiticide, phytotherapics and homeopathy

ABSTRACT The goal of this research was to compare the effect of the following products on dairy cattle, parasitized by Rhipicephalus microplus: organosynthetics - Clorfenvinfós and Ivermectina (OG); phytotherapics - Eucalyptus oil (EG) and Neem cake (NG); Homeopathy (HG); The control group (CG) received no treatment. Infestation was by R. microplus (MIC) and weight gain (GP) were evaluated. The study included 60 animals (5 groups) from – Dutch / Zebu, aged between 25-44 months and initial weight between 211-477kg. EG and NG showed MIC 84.9% and 14.0% greater than CG, respectively (P <0.05; P = 0). HG and OG had MIC less than CG 24.4% and 16.9%, respectively (P<0.05; P <0.05). EG, NG and OG obtained GP lower than CG in 7.9%, 8.9% and 8.06% (P <0.05) respectively. The HG GP was 4.9% higher (P <0.05) than CG. This was the first research to prove parasitism control by R. microplus in a field test, using homeopathy. The methodology for choosing Homeopathy for the control of enzooties, developed and tested for the first time in this study, proved to be adequate and efficient, opening the possibility for establishing a new methodology for strategic control of parasitism by R. microplus.

Tactical and strategic orientation sports selection of attacking flange defenders-laterals in football

An important role in the modern strategies of the game of highly qualified football teams belongs to the players who are "responsible" for the control of the playing space in the flank and semi-flank (adjacent to the flank) areas of the football field. Together with players of other roles, they express the creative game potential of the team's flank attack and defence. We are talking about flanking attacking defenders-laterals. The study of the analysis and implementation of sports selection of flank players through the prism of unity with tactical and strategic aspects is an important issue in the theory and practice of football. This also applies to the learning, education, training, improvement and development of the fastest and most correct game thinking and instant tactical and strategic response in the process of game actions of the attacking flank defender-lateral. The aim. Study of tactical and strategic orientation of sports selection of flank lateral defender in modern football strategies. The basic principle of our approach is that in football, as in other team games, the end result is much greater than the simple sum of the game's local actions and components. A methodical set of tools for training, coaching and improving attacking flank defenders-laterals, who are the bearers of the creative potential of team flank attack in modern football strategies, based on the principle of tactical and strategic control of the playing space in the flank areas of the football field. In the zone of defence of "their" goal, and in the zones of creation and completion of dangerous goal moments at the gate of the opposing team.

Winner Determination and Strategic Control in Conditional Approval Voting

Our work focuses on a generalization of the classic Minisum approval voting rule, introduced by Barrot and Lang (2016), and referred to as Conditional Minisum (CMS), for multi-issue elections. Although the CMS rule provides much higher levels of expressiveness, this comes at the expense of increased computational complexity. In this work, we study further the issue of efficient algorithms for CMS, and we identify the condition of bounded treewidth (of an appropriate graph that emerges from the provided ballots), as the necessary and sufficient condition for polynomial algorithms, under common complexity assumptions. Additionally we investigate the complexity of problems related to the strategic control of such elections by the possibility of adding or deleting either voters or alternatives. We exhibit that in most variants of these problems, CMS is resistant against control.