scholarly journals Certain algebraic structures associated with a double fuzzy topological space

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-334
Author(s):  
S. Vivek ◽  
Sunil C. Mathew
Keyword(s):  
Topological Space ◽  
Fuzzy Sets ◽  
Zero Divisor ◽  
Algebraic Structures ◽  
Zero Divisor Graph ◽  
Zero Divisors ◽  
Fuzzy Topological Space ◽  
Associative Lattice

Abstract The algebraic structures of the families of fuzzy sets that arise out of various notions of openness and closedness in a double fuzzy topological space are investigated. The collection of these families forms a bounded, associative lattice. The zero divisors and zero-divisor graph of this lattice are also identified.

Star Neutrosophic Fuzzy Topological Space

2020 ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
A.A A.A.Salama ◽  
◽  
◽  
◽  
Hewayda ElGhawalby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Topological Space ◽  
Fuzzy Sets ◽  
Fuzzy Set ◽  
Intuitionistic Fuzzy ◽  
Fuzzy Topological Space ◽  
New Type

In this paper, we aim to develop a new type of neutrosophic fuzzy set called the star neutrosophic fuzzy set as a generalization to star neutrosophic crisp set defined in by Salama et al.[8], and study some of its properties. Adedd to, we introduce the notion of star neutrosophic fuzzy topological space as a generalization to some topological consepts as star neutrosophic fuzzy closure, and star neutrosophic fuzzy interior. Finally, we extend the concepts of fuzzy topological space, and intuitionistic fuzzy topological space to the case of star neutrosophic fuzzy sets.

Associate class graph of zero-divisors of a commutative ring

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (08) ◽  
pp. 2050155
Author(s):  
Gaohua Tang ◽  
Guangke Lin ◽  
Yansheng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Commutative Ring ◽  
Chromatic Number ◽  
Zero Divisor ◽  
New Class ◽  
Associate Class ◽  
Zero Divisor Graph ◽  
Zero Divisors ◽  
Class Graph

In this paper, we introduce the concept of the associate class graph of zero-divisors of a commutative ring [Formula: see text], denoted by [Formula: see text]. Some properties of [Formula: see text], including the diameter, the connectivity and the girth are investigated. Utilizing this graph, we present a new class of counterexamples of Beck’s conjecture on the chromatic number of the zero-divisor graph of a commutative ring.

scholarly journals When Is the Complement of the Zero-Divisor Graph of a Commutative Ring Complemented?

ISRN Algebra ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Visweswaran
Keyword(s):  
Commutative Ring ◽  
Zero Divisor ◽  
Zero Divisor Graph ◽  
Zero Divisors

Let be a commutative ring with identity which has at least two nonzero zero-divisors. Suppose that the complement of the zero-divisor graph of has at least one edge. Under the above assumptions on , it is shown in this paper that the complement of the zero-divisor graph of is complemented if and only if is isomorphic to as rings. Moreover, if is not isomorphic to as rings, then, it is shown that in the complement of the zero-divisor graph of , either no vertex admits a complement or there are exactly two vertices which admit a complement.

scholarly journals Fuzzyθ-closure operator on fuzzy topological spaces

1991 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Mukherjee ◽  
S. P. Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Topological Space ◽  
Fuzzy Sets ◽  
Closure Operator ◽  
Topological Spaces ◽  
Separation Axioms ◽  
Fuzzy Topological Space ◽  
Fuzzy Topological Spaces

The paper contains a study of fuzzyθ-closure operator,θ-closures of fuzzy sets in a fuzzy topological space are characterized and some of their properties along with their relation with fuzzyδ-closures are investigated. As applications of these concepts, certain functions as well as some spaces satisfying certain fuzzy separation axioms are characterized in terms of fuzzyθ-closures andδ-closures.

Characterizations of Three Classes of Zero-Divisor Graphs

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. LaGrange
Keyword(s):  
Commutative Ring ◽  
Direct Product ◽  
Zero Divisor ◽  
Commutative Rings ◽  
Central Vertex ◽  
Integral Domains ◽  
Boolean Rings ◽  
Zero Divisor Graph ◽  
Zero Divisors

AbstractThe zero-divisor graph Γ(R) of a commutative ring R is the graph whose vertices consist of the nonzero zero-divisors of R such that distinct vertices x and y are adjacent if and only if xy = 0. In this paper, a characterization is provided for zero-divisor graphs of Boolean rings. Also, commutative rings R such that Γ(R) is isomorphic to the zero-divisor graph of a direct product of integral domains are classified, as well as those whose zero-divisor graphs are central vertex complete.

FINITE RINGS WITH EULERIAN ZERO-DIVISOR GRAPHS

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 1250055 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. KUZMINA
Keyword(s):  
Associative Ring ◽  
Zero Divisor ◽  
Noncommutative Ring ◽  
Finite Rings ◽  
Zero Divisor Graph ◽  
Zero Divisors

The zero-divisor graph Γ(R) of an associative ring R is the graph whose vertices are all non-zero (one-sided and two-sided) zero-divisors of R, and two distinct vertices x and y are joined by an edge if and only if xy = 0 or yx = 0. [S. P. Redmond, The zero-divisor graph of a noncommutative ring, Int. J. Commut. Rings1(4) (2002) 203–211.] In the present paper, all finite rings with Eulerian zero-divisor graphs are described.

scholarly journals Thek-Zero-Divisor Hypergraph of a Commutative Ring

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ch. Eslahchi ◽  
A. M. Rahimi
Keyword(s):  
Commutative Ring ◽  
Nilpotent Element ◽  
Zero Divisor ◽  
Clique Number ◽  
Common Point ◽  
Prime Ideals ◽  
Uniform Hypergraph ◽  
Zero Divisor Graph ◽  
Zero Divisors ◽  
Vertex Set

The concept of the zero-divisor graph of a commutative ring has been studied by many authors, and thek-zero-divisor hypergraph of a commutative ring is a nice abstraction of this concept. Though some of the proofs in this paper are long and detailed, any reader familiar with zero-divisors will be able to read through the exposition and find many of the results quite interesting. LetRbe a commutative ring andkan integer strictly larger than2. Ak-uniform hypergraphHk(R)with the vertex setZ(R,k), the set of allk-zero-divisors inR, is associated toR, where eachk-subset ofZ(R,k)that satisfies thek-zero-divisor condition is an edge inHk(R). It is shown that ifRhas two prime idealsP1andP2with zero their only common point, thenHk(R)is a bipartite (2-colorable) hypergraph with partition setsP1−Z′andP2−Z′, whereZ′is the set of all zero divisors ofRwhich are notk-zero-divisors inR. IfRhas a nonzero nilpotent element, then a lower bound for the clique number ofH3(R)is found. Also, we have shown thatH3(R)is connected with diameter at most 4 wheneverx2≠0for all3-zero-divisorsxofR. Finally, it is shown that for any finite nonlocal ringR, the hypergraphH3(R)is complete if and only ifRis isomorphic toZ2×Z2×Z2.

Commutative Zero-divisor Semigroups of Graphs with at Most Four Vertices

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 341-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaohua Tang ◽  
Huadong Su ◽  
Beishang Ren
Keyword(s):  
Commutative Semigroup ◽  
Zero Divisor ◽  
Simple Graphs ◽  
Zero Divisor Graph ◽  
Zero Divisors

The zero-divisor graph of a commutative semigroup with zero is a graph whose vertices are the nonzero zero-divisors of the semigroup, with two distinct vertices joined by an edge in case their product in the semigroup is zero. In this paper, we study commutative zero-divisor semigroups determined by graphs. We determine all corresponding zero-divisor semigroups of all simple graphs with at most four vertices.

scholarly journals Metric and upper dimension of zero divisor graphs associated to commutative rings

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pirzada ◽  
M. Aijaz
Keyword(s):  
Commutative Ring ◽  
Zero Divisor ◽  
Commutative Rings ◽  
Metric Dimension ◽  
Zero Divisor Graph ◽  
Zero Divisors ◽  
Vertex Set ◽  
Finite Commutative Rings

AbstractLet R be a commutative ring with Z*(R) as the set of non-zero zero divisors. The zero divisor graph of R, denoted by Γ(R), is the graph whose vertex set is Z*(R), where two distinct vertices x and y are adjacent if and only if xy = 0. In this paper, we investigate the metric dimension dim(Γ(R)) and upper dimension dim+(Γ(R)) of zero divisor graphs of commutative rings. For zero divisor graphs Γ(R) associated to finite commutative rings R with unity 1 ≠ 0, we conjecture that dim+(Γ(R)) = dim(Γ(R)), with one exception that {\rm{R}} \cong \Pi {\rm\mathbb{Z}}_2^{\rm{n}}, n ≥ 4. We prove that this conjecture is true for several classes of rings. We also provide combinatorial formulae for computing the metric and upper dimension of zero divisor graphs of certain classes of commutative rings besides giving bounds for the upper dimension of zero divisor graphs of rings.

Orthogonality graphs of real Cayley–Dickson algebras. Part I: Doubly alternative zero divisors and their hexagons

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Svetlana Zhilina
Keyword(s):  
Main Sequence ◽  
Zero Divisor ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Multiplication Table ◽  
Standard Basis ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Zero Divisor Graph ◽  
Zero Divisors ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Dickson Algebra

We study zero divisors whose components alternate strongly pairwise and construct oriented hexagons in the zero divisor graph of an arbitrary real Cayley–Dickson algebra. In case of the algebras of the main sequence, the zero divisor graph coincides with the orthogonality graph, and any hexagon can be extended to a double hexagon. We determine the multiplication table of the vertices of a double hexagon. Then we find a sufficient condition for three elements to generate an alternative subalgebra of an arbitrary Cayley–Dickson algebra. Finally, we consider those zero divisors whose components are both standard basis elements up to sign. We classify them and determine necessary and sufficient conditions under which two such elements are orthogonal.

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