Chloroquine diphosphate overdose

Chloroquine overdose is commonly fatal in children.1 We report here such a case in which peritoneal dialysis was tried. Analyses of tissues, serum, urine, and dialysate for chloroquine confirmed the diagnosis and indicated that little of this drug was removed from the body by dialysis. CASE REPORT A healthy 28-month-old black boy weighing 17.17 kg was seen holding two 500-mg chloroquine diphosphate (Aralen) tablets from a relative's purse about 3:30 PM one afternoon. One-half hour later he was found unconscious and was brought to the Children's Hospital, arriving at 5 PM apneic and with fixed, dilated pupils. It was stated that breathing stopped just before arrival.

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Antimalaria Activity of Cassia spectabilis DC Leaf and Its Inhibition Effect in Heme Detoxification

10.21203/rs.2.22061/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Wiwied - Ekasari ◽

Dewi Resty Basuki ◽

Heny - Arwati ◽

Tutik Sri Wahy

Keyword(s):

Antimalarial Activity ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Ic50 Value ◽

Cassia Spectabilis ◽

In Vivo Testing ◽

Chloroquine Diphosphate ◽

Better Than

Abstract Background In previous studies, Cassia spectabilis DC leaf has shown a good antimalarial activity. Therefore, this study is a follow-up study of leaf activity and mechanism of C. spectabilis DC as an antimalarial. Methods In vitro antimalarial activity testing using P. falciparum which was done with bioassay guide isolation in order to obtain the active compound. In vivo testing towards infected P. berghei mice was conducted to determine the effects of antimalarial prophylaxis and antimalarial activity in combination with artesunate. Whereas, heme detoxification inhibition testing as one of the antimalarial mechanisms was carried out using the Basilico method. Results The results showed that active antimalarial isolate obtained from C. spectabilis DC leaf had a structural pattern that was identical to (-)-7-hydroxyspectaline. Prophylactic test on infected P. berghei mice obtained the highest dose of inhibition percentage of 90% ethanol extract of C. spectabilis DC leaf was 68.61% while positive (doxycycline) control at 100 mg kg-1 was 73.54%. In antimalarial testing in combination with artesunate, it was found that administering 150 mg kg-1 (three times a day) of C. spectabilis DC (D0 − D2) + artesunate (D2) was better than the standard combination of amodiaquine + artesunate with 99.18% and 92.88% inhibition percentage. For the inhibitory activity of heme detoxification from ethanol extract 90%, C. spectabilis DC leaf had IC50 value of 0.375 mg mL-1 which was better than chloroquine diphosphate. Conclusion These results showed that C. spectabilis DC leaves possesses potent antimalarial activity and may offer a potential agent for effective and affordable antimalarial phytomedicine.

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