“Black Forest Ham II (Schwarzwälder Schinken II)”

Although selection forests have clear advantages over age-group forests in view of their total growth performance, their net product and their stability, not to mention the sustainability of their beneficial effect, the proportion of this type of forest is insignificantly small in Germany and also in mixed forest in the mountains. It is therefore all the more surprising that scarcely any discernable efforts have been made to increase the proportion of selection forests. For a conversion, an alternative model for the treatment of the stands is adopted, whereby it is no longer the encouragement of the growth to maturity of individual trees in the stand which is aimed for, but rather the transformation of the whole stand to a selection forest using available stand elements and elements created by an early initiation of regeneration. Based on his experience in the forestry district of Kirchzarten in the Black Forest, Germany, the author describes the procedure for a successful conversion. This is to be started as soon as possible, that is to say when the crown height of the trees is about 18 metres and with corresponding usable dimensions, using small group shelter-wood cuts, a so-called initial femel cut. To get the conversion started it is advisable to remove whole groups of predominantly badly situated and overgrown trees. The stand will be additionally structured later through further interventions at short intervals. In the process, here and there really well situated trees will actually be left to stand solitar y, in other places w hol e self-cont aine d groups will b e created and else where valuabl e mixed s tand elements will be selected for permanent preservation, this in order to create a situation in which there are about 35 overstorey trees per hectare. On the basis of his own cost calculations, the author comes to the conclusion that the conversion is, from a financial point of view, superior compared with the age-group forest in that it brings higher proceeds more quickly and more often.

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Calm amidst the Storm

10.1093/oso/9780198725275.003.0011 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Tom Scott

Keyword(s):

Black Forest ◽

Southern Germany ◽

Balthasar Hubmaier

The convulsions which seized southern Germany and Switzerland between 1520 and 1540 included the expulsion of Duke Ulrich of Württemberg (an ally of the Swiss) from his duchy of Württemberg; his intrigues to recapture his duchy by raising peasants in the Black Forest already in the throes of popular rebellion; and the beginnings of Reformed Protestant preaching by Huldrych Zwingli in Zürich. Any of these circumstances could easily have led to outright war on both banks of the Rhine. The Swiss were reluctant to give any support to Duke Ulrich, or to the peasants, though Zürich came to the aid of the Forest Town of Waldshut where Balthasar Hubmaier preached the new doctrines (and later Anabaptism). Konstanz, too, embraced Protestantism, to the chagrin of the Catholic Inner cantons. That effectively put an end to the city’s hopes of joining the Confederation.

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Raids and Retaliation

10.1093/oso/9780198725275.003.0008 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Tom Scott

Keyword(s):

Black Forest

The Swiss mounted raids across the Hochrhein and the Alpine Rhine, as well as taking possession of the bishop of Konstanz’s castles. The Swabian League responded with sorties south of the Rhine. These raids were mostly for booty and were followed by rapid withdrawal: there was no obvious strategic purpose behind them. Both sides employed mercenaries. It is doubtful whether the Swiss had any long-term intention of seizing the southern Black Forest or the Hegau, though military access to the four Austrian ‘Forest Towns’ was an important aim. Nevertheless, individually Zürich and Schaffhausen had territorial ambitions in the Klettgau and Hegau, respectively.

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Sheilagh Ogilvie. State Corporatism and Proto-Industry: The Württemberg Black Forest, 1580–1797. (Cambridge Studies in Population, Economy and Society in Past Time, number 33.) New York: Cambridge University Press. 1997. Pp. xx, 513. $80.00

The American Historical Review ◽

10.1086/ahr/104.4.1401 ◽

1999 ◽

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Black Forest ◽

Cambridge University ◽

Past Time

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An Ecological Study of the Black Forest, Colorado

Ecological Monographs ◽

10.2307/1948635 ◽

1949 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 123-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Robert B. Livingston

Keyword(s):

Ecological Study ◽

Black Forest

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Fluorite deposits of the Black Forest

Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft ◽

10.1127/zdgg/104/1952/188 ◽

1952 ◽

Vol 104 (1) ◽

pp. 188-189

Author(s):

M. Teike

Keyword(s):

Black Forest

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IV.—Heer's Flora Fossilis Arctica

Geological Magazine ◽

10.1017/s0016756800467737 ◽

1872 ◽

Vol 9 (92) ◽

pp. 69-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Robert H. Scott

Keyword(s):

Fossil Flora ◽

Fossil Plants ◽

Black Forest ◽

Lower Carboniferous ◽

West Greenland

In vol. ii. of his Flora Fossilis Arctica, Professor Oswald Heer has treated of the Fossil Flora of Bear Island, and shown that it belongs to the Lower Carboniferous Formation, of which it forms the lowest beds (named by him the “Ursa” beds), close to the junction with the Devonian. The Yellow Sandstone of Kiltorcan in Ireland, the Grauwacke of the Vosges, and the southern part of the Black Forest, and of St. John in Canada, belong to the same group. In the summer of 1870 two young Swedish naturalists (Wilander and Nathorst) discovered this same formation in the Klaas Billen Bay of the Eisfiord in Spitzbergen, and brought home fine specimens of Lepidodendron Veltheimianum, and Stigmaria ficoides. It has also been found in West Greenland, for Prof. Nordenskiold tells us that the Swedish expedition, which went to Disco in the course of last summer, to fetch the meteorite, weighing 25 tons, which he discovered at Ovifak in that island, has brought home fossil plants of true Carboniferous age.

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