ecological study
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2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 100144
Author(s):  
Elainne Christine de Souza Gomes ◽  
Iris Edna Pereira da Silva ◽  
Wheverton Ricardo Correia do Nascimento ◽  
Rodrigo Moraes Loyo ◽  
Ana Lúcia Coutinho Domingues ◽  
...  

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Johnson ◽  
Meredith Cahill ◽  
Sara Choate ◽  
David Roelfs ◽  
Sarah E. Walsh

The purpose of this study was to explore whether the institutional presence of public health expertise within colleges and universities was associated with operational plans for the fall semester of 2020. Using cross-sectional data collected by the College Crisis Initiative of Davidson College, six levels of instructional modalities (ranked from least to most restrictive) were compared between Council on Education of Public Health (CEPH)-accredited and non-CEPH-accredited 4-year institutions. Institutions with CEPH-accredited schools and programs were more likely to select some restrictive teaching modalities: 63.8% more likely to use hybrid/hyflex or more restrictive and 66.9% more likely to be primarily online (with some in person) or more restrictive. However, having CEPH-accredited programs did not push institutions to the most restrictive modalities. COVID-19 cases in county, enrollment, and political affiliation of the state governor were also found to be associated with instructional modality selection. While any ecological study has certain limitations, this study suggests that college and university fall plans may have been influenced by the presence of CEPH-accredited schools and programs of public health, and/or the input of their faculty. The influence of relevant faculty expertise on institutional decision-making can help inform college and university responses to future crises.


2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Giovanna Scudeler Lima Ramos ◽  
Giovana Mota Marques da Silva

Mental and behavioral disorders are influenced by a combination of factors that affect an individual's emotional balance and affect people of all ages, sex and social classes, although each group has its specificities. The present study aims to determine the prevalence of hospitalizations caused by Mental and Behavioral Disorders (CMD), considering an age group, gender and an ICD-10 morbidity list in the State of São Paulo between the years 2017 to 2020. This research was an ecological study on the prevalence of cases of mental and commercial disorders in the State of São Paulo. Data were collected on the DATASUS platform, where the number of admissions according to gender, age and ICD-10 morbidity list in the 2017-2020 period were surveyed. The results obtained revealed a growing increase in CMD cases in the state, especially from 2018 to 2019 with a subsequent fall in 2020, with, from 2017 to 2020, approximately 58.81% prevalence of CMD in sex and approximately 41.19% prevalence in sex female, mainly affecting people aged 30 to 39 years, higher prevalence of mood in females (67.18%) and CMD due to alcohol use in females (87.89%). It is concluded that amidst the pandemic against COVID-19, several patients considered without a diagnosis of Mental and Behavioral Disorders, because of this, it is possible that after the pandemic there are a greater number than expected of patients with more advanced conditions due to the absence of an early diagnosis.


2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (s1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yucheng Wang ◽  
Thomas C. Tsai ◽  
Dustin Duncan ◽  
John Ji

With people restricted to their residences, neighbourhood characteristics may affect behaviour and risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. We aimed to analyse whether neighbourhoods with higher walkability, public transit, biking services and higher socio-economic status were associated with lower COVID-19 infection during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Massachusetts. We used Walk Score®, Bike Score®, and Transit Score® indices to assess the walkability and transportation of 72 cities in Massachusetts, USA based on availability of data and collected the total COVID-19 case numbers of each city up to 10 April 2021. We used univariate and multivariate linear models to analyse the effects of these scores on COVID-19 cases per 100,000 in each city, adjusting for demographic covariates and all covariates, respectively. In the 72 cities studied, the average Walk Score, Transit Score and Bike Score was 48.7, 36.5 and 44.1, respectively, with a total of 426,182 COVID-19 cases. Higher Walk Score, Transit Score, and Bike Score rankings were negatively associated with COVID-19 cases per 100,000 persons (<0.05). Cities with a higher proportion of Hispanic population and a lower median household income were associated with more COVID-19 cases per 100,000 (P<0.05). Higher Walk Score, Transit Score and Bike Score were shown to be protective against COVID-19 transmission, while socio-demographic factors were associated with COVID-19 infection. Understanding the complex relationship of how the structure of the urban environment may constrain commuting patterns for residents and essential workers during COVID-19 would offer potential insights on future pandemic preparedness and response.


F1000Research ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Novatus Tesha ◽  
Malale Tungu ◽  
Alphoncina Kagaigai ◽  
Boniface Yohana ◽  
Hevenlight A. Paulo

Background: There have been claims amongst nutrition stakeholders in Tanzania that the food basket regions, are the regions most affected by stunting among  children. However, this study could not find evidence that combines food production and stunting levels, to substantiate this claim. Therefore, this study aims to compare data on stunting, food production and consumption within administrative regions of the Tanzania mainland. Methods: The study used an ecological study design to show the relationship between stunting, poverty, food production and consumption across administrative regions in Tanzania. The study used data from three national wide surveys: 2017/2018 Household Budget Survey (HBS), Tanzania National Nutrition Survey (TNNS) 2018 and Agriculture Statistics for Food Security report 2018/2019. Results: The study showed that there is a positive relationship between the prevalence of stunting and food production (r=0.43, p=0.03), while there is a negative relationship between stunting and the level of both the average monthly household consumption expenditure (r = -0.48, p = 0.01) and average monthly household food consumption expenditure (r = -0.509, p = 0.01). It was further found that some regions which have higher levels of stunting such as Njombe, have the lowest level of basic need poverty. Conclusion: The study found a positive relationship between food production and the prevalence of stunting using data across regions in mainland Tanzania. This is an indication that regional food security may not entail nutrition security, hence a call for more advocacy on nutrition-sensitive agriculture.


Healthcare ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Arina Vinereanu ◽  
Aneta Munteanu ◽  
Alexandru Stănculescu ◽  
Alexandru Titus Farcașiu ◽  
Andreea Cristiana Didilescu

This study aimed to give an image of the oral health status and treatment needs of intellectually challenged athletes taking part in Special Olympics—Special Smiles (SO-SS) events organized in Romania during 2011–2019 and to find potential associations with socio-economic factors. An observational ecological retrospective study was conducted, and 1860 oral examinations were performed on participants aged 8 to 30 years in nine SS-SO events. Oral examination was performed under field conditions. Percentage of caries-free subjects, mean DMF-T index and its components (D = decayed; M = missing; F = filled; T = teeth), restoration index RI = [F/(F + D) × 100]%, and Plaque Index were calculated for each of the nine groups. Caries-free subjects ranged between 5.90% and 21.70%. DMF-T ranged from 4.27 to 7.71. Higher values for “F” component (range 0.66–1.69) and RI (range 13.02–27.74%) were found in events held in cities from regions with higher reported Gross Domestic Product. Sealants were present in 0 to 8.4% of the subjects. In areas with lower numbers of inhabitants per dentist, more sealants were found (p < 0.001). Romanian SO athletes exhibited relatively poor oral health, limited access to dental treatment, and low level of prevention. Targeted prevention and treatment programs adjusted to specific conditions in each geo-economic region are needed.


Rev Rene ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. e70998
Author(s):  
Cíntya do Nascimento Pereira ◽  
Thatiana Araujo Maranhão ◽  
Isaac Gonçalves da Silva ◽  
Taynara Lais Silva ◽  
George Jó Bezerra Sousa ◽  
...  

Objective: to analyze the spatiotemporal pattern and indicators associated with the occurrence of suicide. Methods: ecological study that analyzed the deaths by suicide repor- ted in the Mortality Information System. For temporal and spatial analysis, the Joinpoint and Scan methods were employed, respectively. Multivariate analysis was performed by the Ordinary Least Squares Estimation model, considering p<0.05. Results: significant growth in suicide mortality of 4.2% per year was observed. The highest Bayesian mortality rates ranged from 8.90 to 13.49 deaths per 100,000 population. Five statistically significant spatial clusters were identified (p<0.050). The primary cluster encompassed 64 municipalities, with a suicide risk 1.38 times higher (p<0.001). The indicators associated with suicide were Urbanization rate (β=0.07; p=0.020) and Employment & income (β=-9.40; p=0.030). Conclusion: there was a significant increase in suicide, and five spatial clusters were identified. The indicators Urbanization rate and Employment & income were associated with the grievance.


2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
Guilherme Ribeiro Ferreira ◽  
Anna Luiza Rodrigues Brito ◽  
Isabela dos Santos Rodolfo ◽  
Rafaela Spolador Orbolato

Leprosy is a chronic, infectious disease transmitted through the inhalation of aerosols containing Mycobacterium leprae. The present study was carried out to investigate the epidemiological profile of leprosy in Brazil between 2015 and 2019, evaluating the prevalence rate of hospital admissions, incidence rate, number of admissions due to recurrence and mortality rates. It is an ecological study conducted from data collected in information systems available at the Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS). In the considered time interval, a slight improvement in the investigated health indicators was evidenced. It is possible to infer that the country carried out an adequate management of leprosy between 2015 and 2019, probably because of good prophylactic actions, good interventions and efficient awareness of those infected.


2022 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinícius Henrique Ferreira Pereira de Oliveira ◽  
Millena Barroso Oliveira ◽  
Cauane Blumenberg ◽  
Álex Moreira Herval ◽  
Luiz Renato Paranhos

This study aimed to analyze part of the financial resources used to fund public health actions in the 26-Brazilian capitals, from 2008 to 2018. This is a time-trend ecological study involving revenue and expenditure indicators provided by the Information System on Public Budget for Health (SIOPS). The values were deflated based on the Extended National Consumer Price Index of 2018 in Brazil to allow the comparison over the years. The mean annual variation of health investments, in Brazilian Reais (BRL) was assessed using linear regressions. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were estimated between federal revenues and expenditures with the capitals’ resources. All capitals presented statistically significant positive correlations for the origin of the budget resource invested in health. The lowest coefficient was found in the capital city of Macapá (Amapá State) (r = 0.860) and the highest, in Fortaleza (Ceará State) (r = 0.997). Belo Horizonte (Minas Gerais State) was the capital with the highest annual increase in federal transfers (about BRL 67.91 per year) and Teresina (Piauí State) presented the highest annual increase in health expenditures among the capitals (about BRL 55.42 per year). We found a increase in the transfers of the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS) and municipal resources in almost all capitals, but there are still inequalities in the distribution of financial resources among Brazilian capitals from different regions. Health funding is affected by the municipalization of SUS and it is not the single factor affecting the access and quality of health services.


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