Episodic future thinking: the role of working memory and inhibition on age-related differences

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Zavagnin ◽  
Rossana De Beni ◽  
Erika Borella ◽  
Barbara Carretti
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Episodic Future Thinking ◽  
Future Thinking ◽  
Age Related

The role of semantic memory in prospective memory and episodic future thinking: new insights from a case of semantic dementia

Memory ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Valentina La Corte ◽  
Sophie Ferrieux ◽  
Maria Abram ◽  
Anne Bertrand ◽  
Bruno Dubois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Semantic Dementia ◽  
Episodic Future Thinking ◽  
Future Thinking

Episodic Future Thinking and Cognitive Aging

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Schacter ◽  
Aleea L. Devitt ◽  
Donna Rose Addis
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Episodic Future Thinking ◽  
Future Thinking ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Prosocial Intentions ◽  
Age Related Changes

Episodic future thinking refers to the ability to imagine or simulate experiences that might occur in an individual’s personal future. It has been known for decades that cognitive aging is associated with declines in episodic memory, and recent research has documented correlated age-related declines in episodic future thinking. Previous research has considered both cognitive and neural mechanisms that are responsible for age-related changes in episodic future thinking, as well as effects of aging on the functions served by episodic future thinking. Studies concerned with mechanism indicate that multiple cognitive mechanisms contribute to changes in episodic future thinking during aging, including episodic memory retrieval, narrative style, and executive processes. Recent studies using an episodic specificity induction—brief training in recollecting episodic details of a recent experience—have proven useful in separating the contributions of episodic retrieval from other non-episodic processes during future thinking tasks in both old and young adults. Neuroimaging studies provide preliminary evidence of a role for age-related changes in default and executive brain networks in episodic future thinking and autobiographical planning. Studies concerned with function have examined age-related effects on the link between episodic future thinking and a variety of processes, including everyday problem-solving, prospective memory, prosocial intentions, and intertemporal choice/delay discounting. The general finding in these studies is for age-related reductions, consistent with the work on mechanisms that consistently reveals reduced episodic detail in older adults when they imagine future events. However, several studies have revealed that episodic simulation nonetheless confers some benefits for tasks tapping adaptive functions in older adults, such as problem-solving, prospective memory, and prosocial intentions, even though age-related deficits on these tasks are not eliminated or reduced by episodic future thinking.

scholarly journals Keeping things in mind for future thinking: Arithmetic booster reduces delay discounting

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minho Hwang ◽  
Sung-Phil Kim ◽  
Dongil Chung
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Associative Memory ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Working Memory Training ◽  
Memory Training ◽  
Episodic Future Thinking ◽  
Future Thinking ◽  
Future Event ◽  
Training Performance

AbstractPeople have higher preference for immediate over delayed rewards, and it is suggested that such an impulsive tendency is governed by one’s ability to simulate future rewards. Consistent with this view, recent studies have shown that enforcing individuals to focus on episodic future thoughts reduces their impulsivity. Yet, given its multifaceted cognitive processes involved in future thinking, it is not well understood how episodic future thinking functions as an effective tool for modulating individuals’ preference for immediate (or delayed) rewards. To examine plausible mechanisms that are linked with future thinking, we used one associative memory task and one working memory task that each of which were administered to manipulate acquired amount of information and individuals’ ability to construct a coherent future event, respectively. Comparing with the impacts of three control tasks, we found that individuals’ impulsivity was significantly reduced as an effect of arithmetic working memory task, but not of associative memory task. Moreover, this impulsivity reduction was most pronounced in individuals who showed highest working memory training performance. These data provide a mechanistic account of how episodic future thinking affects individuals’ subjective valuation of delayed rewards.

scholarly journals What affects the magnitude of age-related dual-task costs in working memory? The role of stimulus domain and access to semantic representations

2020 ◽  
pp. 174702182097074
Author(s):  
Agnieszka J Jaroslawska ◽  
Stephen Rhodes ◽  
Clément Belletier ◽  
Jason M Doherty ◽  
Nelson Cowan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Semantic Representations ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Task Effects ◽  
Concurrent Processing ◽  
Age Related

Although there is evidence that the effect of including a concurrent processing demand on the storage of information in working memory is disproportionately larger for older than younger adults, not all studies show this age-related impairment, and the critical factors responsible for any such impairment remain elusive. Here we assess whether domain overlap between storage and processing activities, and access to semantic representations, are important determinants of performance in a sample of younger and older adults ( N = 119). We developed four versions of a processing task by manipulating the type of stimuli involved (either verbal or non-verbal) and the decision that participants had to make about the stimuli presented on the screen. Participants either had to perform a spatial judgement, in deciding whether the verbal or non-verbal item was presented above or below the centre of the screen, or a semantic judgement, in deciding whether the stimulus refers to something living or not living. The memory task was serial-ordered recall of visually presented letters. The study revealed a large increase in age-related memory differences when concurrent processing was required. These differences were smaller when storage and processing activities both used verbal materials. Dual-task effects on processing were also disproportionate for older adults. Age differences in processing performance appeared larger for tasks requiring spatial decisions rather than semantic decisions. We discuss these findings in relation to three competing frameworks of working memory and the extant literature on cognitive ageing.

Wanting or having to: The role of goal self-concordance in episodic future thinking

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 26-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Ernst ◽  
Frederick L. Philippe ◽  
Arnaud D'Argembeau
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Future Thinking ◽  
Future Thinking

scholarly journals The role of stimulus type in age-related changes of visual working memory

2002 ◽  
Vol 146 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Leonards ◽  
V. Ibanez ◽  
P. Giannakopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Visual Working Memory ◽  
Stimulus Type ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

Prospective memory in children: The role of episodic future thinking and social importance

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cosenza ◽  
M. A. Brandimonte ◽  
P. C. Cicogna ◽  
G. Nigro
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Episodic Future Thinking ◽  
Future Thinking ◽  
Social Importance
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