Time-lapse photography and its teaching usefulness in planetary boundary layer meteorology

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia Favaron
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Planetary Boundary Layer ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Boundary Layer Meteorology ◽  
Time Lapse Photography

scholarly journals Sensitivity of an Idealized Tropical Cyclone to the Configuration of the Global Forecast System–Eddy Diffusivity Mass Flux Planetary Boundary Layer Scheme

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 284
Author(s):  
Evan A. Kalina ◽  
Mrinal K. Biswas ◽  
Jun A. Zhang ◽  
Kathryn M. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Planetary Boundary Layer ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Intensity Change ◽  
Rapid Intensification ◽  
Forecast System ◽  
Stability Functions ◽  
Non Local ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Heat And Moisture

The intensity and structure of simulated tropical cyclones (TCs) are known to be sensitive to the planetary boundary layer (PBL) parameterization in numerical weather prediction models. In this paper, we use an idealized version of the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecast system (HWRF) with constant sea-surface temperature (SST) to examine how the configuration of the PBL scheme used in the operational HWRF affects TC intensity change (including rapid intensification) and structure. The configuration changes explored in this study include disabling non-local vertical mixing, changing the coefficients in the stability functions for momentum and heat, and directly modifying the Prandtl number (Pr), which controls the ratio of momentum to heat and moisture exchange in the PBL. Relative to the control simulation, disabling non-local mixing produced a ~15% larger storm that intensified more gradually, while changing the coefficient values used in the stability functions had little effect. Varying Pr within the PBL had the greatest impact, with the largest Pr (~1.6 versus ~0.8) associated with more rapid intensification (~38 versus 29 m s−1 per day) but a 5–10 m s−1 weaker intensity after the initial period of strengthening. This seemingly paradoxical result is likely due to a decrease in the radius of maximum wind (~15 versus 20 km), but smaller enthalpy fluxes, in simulated storms with larger Pr. These results underscore the importance of measuring the vertical eddy diffusivities of momentum, heat, and moisture under high-wind, open-ocean conditions to reduce uncertainty in Pr in the TC PBL.

Assessing the Influence of Aerosol on Radiation and Its Roles in Planetary Boundary Layer Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 384-392
Author(s):  
Zhigang Cheng ◽  
Yubing Pan ◽  
Ju Li ◽  
Xingcan Jia ◽  
Xinyu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Planetary Boundary Layer ◽  
Boundary Layer Development ◽  
Layer Development

SOLAR ECLIPSE EFFECTS OBSERVED IN THE PLANETARY BOUNDARY LAYER OVER A DESERT

1997 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. D. EATON ◽  
J. R. HINES ◽  
W. H. HATCH ◽  
R. M. CIONCO ◽  
J. BYERS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Planetary Boundary Layer ◽  
Solar Eclipse
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