Role of digitoxin metabolites in the enterohepatic circulation of digitoxin

1975 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
G Charles Oliver ◽  
Luis A Santini ◽  
Gail L Griffin ◽  
Duane Haskell
Keyword(s):  
Enterohepatic Circulation ◽  
Digitoxin Metabolites

scholarly journals Role of FXR in Bile Acid and Metabolic Homeostasis in NASH: Pathogenetic Concepts and Therapeutic Opportunities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Radun ◽  
Michael Trauner
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Enterohepatic Circulation ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Farnesoid X Receptor ◽  
Metabolic Homeostasis ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Metabolic Dysregulation ◽  
Attractive Therapeutic Target

AbstractNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most prevalent cause of liver disease, increasingly contributing to the burden of liver transplantation. In search for effective treatments, novel strategies addressing metabolic dysregulation, inflammation, and fibrosis are continuously emerging. Disturbed bile acid (BA) homeostasis and microcholestasis via hepatocellular retention of potentially toxic BAs may be an underappreciated factor in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) as its progressive variant. In addition to their detergent properties, BAs act as signaling molecules regulating cellular homeostasis through interaction with BA receptors such as the Farnesoid X receptor (FXR). Apart from being a key regulator of BA metabolism and enterohepatic circulation, FXR regulates metabolic homeostasis and has immune-modulatory effects, making it an attractive therapeutic target in NAFLD/NASH. In this review, the molecular basis and therapeutic potential of targeting FXR with a specific focus on restoring BA and metabolic homeostasis in NASH is summarized.

scholarly journals Extended Abstract: Deficiency of Sodium Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide (SLC10A1): A New Inborn Error of Metabolism with an Attenuated Phenotype

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric M. Vaz ◽  
Hidde H. Huidekoper ◽  
Coen C. Paulusma
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salts ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Enterohepatic Circulation ◽  
Sodium Taurocholate ◽  
Elevated Plasma ◽  
Mild Phenotype ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Conjugated Bile Salts

We present the first patient with a defect in the Na+-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide SLC10A1 (NTCP), which plays a key role in the enterohepatic circulation of bile salts. The clinical presentation of the child was mild and the child showed no signs of liver dysfunction or pruritus despite extremely elevated plasma bile salt levels (>100-fold upper-limit of normal). A homozygous point mutation was found in the SLC10A1 gene (resulting in amino acid change R252H) and functional studies confirmed the pathogenicity of the mutation. This confirms the role of NTCP as the major transporter of conjugated bile salts into the liver as part of the enterohepatic circulation and shows that other transporters partly can take over its function, resulting in a relatively mild phenotype. This work was published previously in [Vaz et al.: Hepatology 2015;61:260-267] and supplemented with some follow-up information of the patient.

Kinetic Analysis of Glycyrrhetic Acid, an Active Metabolite of Glycyrrhizin, in Rats: Role of Enterohepatic Circulation

1993 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junichi Kawakami ◽  
Yoshikazu Yamamura ◽  
Tomofumi Santa ◽  
Hajime Kotaki ◽  
Katsuyoshi Uchino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Analysis ◽  
Active Metabolite ◽  
Enterohepatic Circulation ◽  
Glycyrrhetic Acid

scholarly journals The role of intestinal microflora in the development of cholelithiasis (literature review)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Hohlacheva ◽  
N. N. Glazyrina ◽  
A. P. Lukashevich ◽  
Ja. M. Vahrushev ◽  
T. S. Kosareva
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acids ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Enterohepatic Circulation ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Many

Cholelithiasis is one of the most common diseases of the digestive system, which affects all segments of the population. Currently, cholelithiasis is considered as a long, multi-stage process in which the period of stone formation is preceded by changes in metabolism and physical and chemical properties of bile. However, among the many contributing factors, insufficient attention is paid to the role of the infectious factor in the development of cholelithiasis. The analysis of the literature data showed that today there are various mechanisms for promoting ob development of cholelithiasis by excess enteral bacterial grouth. First, with excessive bacterial growth, duodeno-biliary reflux leads to infection of the biliary tract and the development of inflammation in the gallbladder. Substances that occur during the inflammatory process (proteins, mucus, exfoliated epithelium) are the matrix on which the gallstone is formed. Secondly, the role of dysbiosis in violation of enterohepatic circulation of bile acids is essential. The change in the ratio of conjugated and deconjugated bile acids contributes to the formation of lithogenic bile. Third, excessive bacterial growth leads to endotoxemia, which has a damaging effect on the metabolism of bile acids in the liver. Finally, in a certain dependence on the microbiota is the digestive and suction functions of the small intestine, but the participation of this channel in cholelithiasis requires further research.

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