Effects of exercise on peripheral venous pressure in relation to blood volume, cardiac competence and pulmonary arterial pressure in heart disease

1952 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 502-503
Author(s):  
E. Brown ◽  
D.D. Daniels ◽  
H.R. Fluss ◽  
J. Hopper ◽  
J.D. Lange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial Pressure ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Peripheral Venous Pressure ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial

Effect of hypoxia on pulmonary artery pressure of dogs

1964 ◽  
Vol 207 (6) ◽  
pp. 1314-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benson R. Wilcox ◽  
W. Gerald Austen ◽  
Harvey W. Bender
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Pulmonary Artery Pressure ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial Pressure ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Artery Pressure ◽  
Pulmonary Vasoconstriction ◽  
Systemic Hypoxia ◽  
Pump Output ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial

The mechanism by which the pulmonary artery pressure rises in response to hypoxia has never been clearly demonstrated. This problem was reinvestigated in experiments utilizing separate pulmonary and systemic perfusion systems. These vascular beds were perfused in such a fashion that a change in pulmonary artery pressure could only result from changes in vasomotor tone. Alveolar-pulmonary vein hypoxia was usually associated with a slight fall in pulmonary artery pressure. Systemic hypoxia resulted in elevation of pulmonary arterial pressure in 10 of the 12 animals tested with a constant-flow and constant-pulmonary venous pressure. In addition, all animals with systemic desaturation showed an increased venous return. When the "cardiac output" (pump output) was increased to match this return, the elevation in pulmonary artery pressure increased. It was concluded that the pulmonary arterial pressure elevation seen with hypoxia is the result of active pulmonary vasoconstriction coupled with an increased pulmonary blood flow.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Capillary Filtration Coefficient (Kfc) Determination by a Manual and Automatic Perfusion System. Step by Step Technique Review

2019 ◽  
pp. 901-908
Author(s):  
C.C. Bravo-Reyna ◽  
G. Torres-Villalobos ◽  
N. Aguilar-Blas ◽  
J. Frías-Guillén ◽  
J.R. Guerra-Mora
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial Pressure ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Filtration Coefficient ◽  
Perfusion System ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Capillary Filtration ◽  
Capillary Filtration Coefficient ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial

The purpose of calculating the capillary filtration coefficient is to experimentally evaluate edema formation in models of pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion injury. For many years, the obtaining of this coefficient implies a series of manual maneuvers during ex-vivo reperfusion of pulmonary arterial pressure, venous pressure and weight, as well as the calculation of the Kfc formula. Through automation, the calculation of capillary filtration coefficient could be easier and more efficient. To describe an automatic method designed in our laboratory to calculating the capillary filtration coefficient and compare with traditional determination of capillary filtration coefficient as gold standard method. An automatic three valve perfusion system was constructed, commanded by a mastery module connected to a graphical user interface. To test its accuracy, cardiopulmonary blocks of Wistar rats were harvested and distributed in manual (n=8) and automated (n=8) capillary filtration coefficient determination groups. Physiological parameters as pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary venous pressure, weight and capillary filtration coefficient were obtained. Results: Capillary filtration coefficient, pulmonary arterial pressure, venous arterial pressure shown no statistical significance difference between the groups. The automated perfusion system for obtaining Kfc was standardized and validated, giving reliable results without biases and making the process more efficient in terms of time and personal staff.

A New Look at Pulmonary Edema

Physiology ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 150-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
GA Laine ◽  
SJ Allen ◽  
JP Williams ◽  
J Katz ◽  
JC Gabel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial Pressure ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Colloid Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Fluid Accumulation ◽  
Fatal Complication ◽  
Therapeutic Measures ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial

Fluid accumulation within the lungs is a potentially fatal complication in critically ill patients. Sepsis and increased microvascular permeability are often implicated as the cause. This article shows that edema can be prevented by lowering systemic venous pressure (to permit pulmonary lymph to drain), by lowering pulmonary arterial pressure, and by maintaining plasma colloid osmotic pressure. It points out the importance of understanding the basic physiology behind pulmonary edema and therapeutic measures.

Lowered pulmonary arterial pressure prevents edema after endotoxin in sheep

1987 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 1008-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Allen ◽  
R. E. Drake ◽  
J. Katz ◽  
J. C. Gabel ◽  
G. A. Laine
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial Pressure ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Capillary Membrane ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
The Difference

Escherichia coli endotoxin causes increased capillary membrane permeability and increased pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) in sheep. If the pulmonary hypertension extends to the level of the microvasculature, then the increased microvascular pressure may contribute to the pulmonary edema caused by endotoxin. We tested the hypothesis that reducing the pulmonary hypertension would reduce the amount of edema caused by endotoxin. Twelve sheep were chronically instrumented with catheters to measure PAP, left atrial pressure, and central venous pressure. The sheep were divided into two groups. One group (E) of six sheep received an intravenous infusion of 4 micrograms/kg of E. coli endotoxin. The second group (E + SNP) received the same dose of endotoxin as well as a continuous infusion of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) to reduce PAP. Three hours after the endotoxin infusions, the sheep were terminated and the extravascular fluid-to-blood-free dry weight ratios of the lungs were determined (EVF). The base-line PAP was 17.5 +/- 2.7 mmHg. A two-way analysis of variance demonstrated a significant difference (P less than 0.01) in PAP between the E and E + SNP groups. Although PAP in each group varied as a function of time, the difference between the two groups did not. The mean PAP for the E + SNP group (20.9 +/- 1.5 mmHg) was lower than the E group PAP of 27.3 +/- 2.1 mmHg after the endotoxin spike. Furthermore, the E + SNP group EVF (3.9 +/- 0.2) was significantly less than the EVF of the E group (4.7 +/- 0.5).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Effects of lung inflation on pulmonary arterial blood volume in intact dogs

1975 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 675-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Wanner ◽  
S. Zarzecki ◽  
M. A. Sackner
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Lung Volume ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial Pressure ◽  
Valsalva Maneuver ◽  
Lung Inflation ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Mueller Maneuver ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
Arterial Blood Volume

The isolated effects of alterations of lung inflation and transmural pulmonary arterial pressure (pressure difference between intravascular and pleural pressure) on pulmonary arterial blood volume (Vpa) were investigated in anesthetized intact dogs. Using transvenous phrenic nerve stimulation, changes in transmural pulmonary arterial pressure (Ptm) at a fixed transpulmonary pressure (Ptp) were produced by the Mueller maneuver, and increases in Ptp at relatively constant Ptm by a quasi-Valsalva maneuver. Also, both Ptm and Ptp were allowed to change during open airway lung inflation. Vpa was determined during these three maneuvers by multiplying pulmonary blood flow by pulmonary arterial mean transit time obtained by an ether plethysmographic method. During open airway lung inflation, mean (plus or minus SD) Ptp increased by 7.2 (plus or minus 3.7) cmH2O and Ptm by 4.3 (plus or minus 3.4) cmH2O for a mean increase in Vpa by 26.2 (plus or minus 10.7) ml. A pulmonary arterial compliance term (Delta Vpa/Delta Ptm) calculated from the Mueller maneuver was 3.9 ml/cmH2O and an interdependence term (Delta Vpa/Delta Ptp) calculated from the quasi-Valsalva maneuver was 2.5 ml/cmH2O for a 19% increase in lung volume, and 1.2 ml/cmH2O for an increase in lung volume from 19% to 35%. These findings indicate that in normal anesthetized dogs near FRC for a given change in Ptp and Ptm the latter results in a greater increase of Vpa.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document