SMART AQUARIUM BASED MICROCONTROLLER

Indonesia is an endemic area for the spread of one of the most popular ornamental fish, namely the largest betta fish in the world. In exploring their hobbies such as raising ornamental fish such as betta fish, efficient and automatic tools are more needed by betta fish farmers in aquariums today, when they have no free time or are drained by other work. This study aims to be a more automatic and efficient tool for everyone to feed fish, provide lighting, and drain aquarium water automatically, so that owners of ornamental fish do not have to worry about what ornamental fish need in the aquarium. The feeding system, in this case uses an Arduino-based control that controls the servo motor as an open and close system as the exit of fish feed into the aquarium. Aquarium lighting system, in this system uses a light sensor type LDR (Light Dependent Resistor). Automatic aquarium drain system, controlled by Arduino with water pump output. In the research, the LDR sensor will give a signal to the relay and give output to the 220 V lamp, that is, if the light intensity is below 028.7 Lux, which is above half past 6 pm and will turn off the 220 volt lamp if the light intensity is above 203.4 Lux, which is above 6 am. The servo motor will operate twice a day for feeding according to the betta fish feed needs, which is 2 times a day. The water pump will work every 4 days to drain the water automatically according to the turbidity of the water based on the time and number of betta fish in the aquarium.

Greenhouse Protection Against Frost Conditions in Smart Farming using IoT Enabled Artificial Neural Networks

An Artificial Intelligence and IoT incorporated frost forecasting is proposed in this novel work. The objects present inside a greenhouse are connected to each other through Internet of Things (IoT), using devices such as actuators, sensors and assisting aids. A smart system incorporating IoT is designed, developed and implemented using Fuzzy associative memory and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) in order to manage any ill effects in irrigation caused due to frost conditions. The temperature inside the green house is monitored continuously on comparison with the outside temperature, thereby steps are taken to stabilize the temperature to make it suitable for plant growth. The temperature inside the greenhouses are forecasted by means of ANN and using fuzzy control, temperature of the crops are predicted and watered as per the required using 5 levels of water pump output. The output obtained is analyzed and compared with similar Fourier-statistical method and it is found that the proposed methodology provides a more effective prediction of temperature.

ANALISIS HASIL PERCOBAAN ALAT PRAKTIKUM RUGI-RUGI ALIRAN DALAM PIPA

The phenomenon of flow in a pipe is one of the experiments carried out in the Mechanical Phenomenon Practicum in bachellor of Mechanical Engineering. In this paper, we will describe the experimental results of the tool that was made in mechanical engineering prgram, west sumatera muhammadiyah university for the first time. The pump used is large enough to 1.0 HP, it is expected that the pressure will be high enough and cause turbulent flow. Measuring instruments installed are Pressure Gauge, Stopwatch, and Water Meter. Water is pumped from the source (reservoir) in the form of a tub to a network of pipes with diameters of ¾ ", ½" and 5/8 "by installing pressure sensors at the pump output and each of pipe. The water meter is useful for measuring the rate of water, resulting in greater flow losses. At the greater the flow velocity, resulting in a large Reynolds Number, while the velocity, at this time, namely by measuring the output capacity of 5 ml which is then measured the time needed using a stopwatch. The variation of the water flow rate is made by distinguishing the valve openings, namely 4/4 total openings then ¾, ½ and ¼. The experimental results show that the smaller the valve opening than the smaller the flow rateflow friction loss has not so effect because of the flow is in turbulent conditions. The design of this experimental tool is in compliance with the friction theory of fluid flow in pipes, closed flow, for the next stage it is necessary to develop a tool by entering the length per diameter factor (parameter)of the circulation pipe, further for laminar flow where the sensitivity of the Reynolds number has more effect on friction losses so need the precision measurement tools.

Automatic control of the coal mining drainage installation taking into account the trison tariff for electricity

Objective is to reduce the specific energy consumption for dewatering in coal mines by minimizing time intervals of the switched-on pumps during the peak load hours when the electric energy cost reaches its maximum. Research methodology. Simulation modelling of water pumping from a water intake facility at a mining enterprise has been used to study automotive control of a water-removal plant. In this context, simulation of the whole system of automatic control is performed involving the proposed algorithm of pump switching on/off in terms of the criteria of entering the peak load hours according to the seasonal electric energy tariff with minimal water level in a water intake facility. The simulation modeling has helped analyze the effect of changeable characteristics of water inflow into the water intake facility upon the water level at the moment of entering the peak load hours to prove the efficient operation of the automatic control system according to the proposed algorithm with the help of simulation modelling. Findings. The carried out analysis of the operation of an automatic system to control a dewatering plant according to the proposed control algorithm has proved the efficiency of the use of a movable pump with the determination of its switch-on time on the basis of prognosis of water level dynamics in a water intake facility taking into account the pump characteristics and water inflow to provide minimal water level in a water intake facility at the moment of entering the peak load hours. The conditions of getting more positive effect from the use of the proposed algorithm for the dewatering plant control have been specified depending on the pump characteristics and water inflow. Originality. The time necessary for a movable pump for dewatering aimed at entering the “peak load hours” zone with the minimal water level in a water intake facility is directly proportional to the difference between the current water volume in a water intake facility and the water volume, corresponding to a minimal level, and inversely proportional to the movable pump output as well as the rate of current water volume increment in a water intake facility. In this context, it has been identified that in terms of the transfer from the available control algorithm to the proposed one, the value of reduction of the consumed electric energy costs and the pumped water costs is in direct proportional dependence upon the duration of time intervals of the switched-on states of main pumps – the shorter that duration is, the longer time interval of the operation of main pumps during the peak load hours is, and, correspondingly, the lower value of the reduction of electric energy cost is. Practical implications. An algorithm of automatic control of a dewatering plant at a mining enterprise involving the criterion that combines the rate of water level increment and electric energy cost at different day parts has been improved. The simulation modeling has made it possible to study and confirm the following: the developed algorithm of control at the expense of switching-on of a movable pump before the “peak load hours” zones aimed at entering the zones with minimal water volume level in a water inlet facility while calculating the costs of electric energy consumed by the pumps in terms of seasonal tariffs helps reduce the consumed energy costs by 10%, if water inflow is less than the one-pump output, and by 5%, if water inflow is more than the one-pump output.

Echocardiography in Left Ventricular Assist Device Recipients

Echocardiography is enormously useful in managing patients treated with left ventricular assist devices (LVADs), but its use in these patients is rarely addressed specifically. The combined functions of the LVAD and the native left and right ventricles create unique hemodynamic conditions, which must be considered in a comprehensive echocardiographic assessment of patients receiving LVADs. This chapter reviews the hemodynamic effects of LVADS, including the trade-off between pump output and flow pulsatility, left ventricular and left arterial unloading, and the effects of LVADs on the right heart. It then describes the preoperative use of echocardiography in patient selection, including how to assess right ventricular function, aortic and tricuspid regurgitation, and patent foramen ovale. It then considers the intraoperative assessment of the left heart, right ventricular function; tricuspid, aortic, and mitral regurgitation; the inflow and outflow cannulas, and pump flow and total cardiac output. Finally, the authors address the postoperative uses of echocardiography in surveillance, including assessing hypovolemia, postoperative tamponade, impeller thrombosis, and cannula kinking or obstruction, as well as how to optimize LVAD function and to troubleshoot LVAD malfunctions.

Piezoelectric Actuation to Reduce Pump Flow Ripple

Pump flow ripple is a source of noise and pressure fluctuation that can result in unwanted behavior and failure of a hydraulic system. The intent of this paper is to present and model a novel method to reduce flow ripple using piezoelectric actuators, which are currently limited to applications in micro-scale pumps. The paper presents two methods for reducing pump flow ripple in a hydraulic system. The first method uses a piezoelectric actuated valve which governs the pump displacement. The second method employs a piezoelectric actuated cylinder that acts directly on the outlet fluid to reduce the flow ripple from the pump. Method one was not able to reduce the flow ripple due to the bandwidth limitations of the swash plate actuation cylinder. Method two was able to reduce the flow ripple significantly. Further improvements on method two were achieved by increasing the number and size of the piezoelectric actuated cylinders acting at the pump outlet. After optimization, it was found that method two was found to decrease pump ripple by up to 53.5% from the baseline pump output. Though method one is largely unsuccessful, it is found that method two is successful and becomes more effective as the number and size of the piezoelectric actuated cylinders increase.

Experimental research of oil pump for a compression-ignition aircraft engine

The paper presents an analysis of the constructions of oil pumps for an aircraft compression ignition engine. It is a two-stroke liquid-cooled engine with a power of 100 kW. The system has 3 cylinders and 6 opposed pistons. The paper estimates the required oil pump capacity to make the engine components well-lubricated. Next, automotive oil pumps for diesel engines are analyzed to select a correct pump for aircraft diesel engine applications. Three pump constructions of different constructions and dimensions of a rotor were selected. A measurement bench was designed and built to test these oil pumps in the range of pump shaft speeds from 0 to 4500 rpm and volumetric flow rate up to 150 l/min. The bench also enables stabilization of oil temperature at the required level within the range from 30 to 120oC. In addition, flow resistance through engine slide bearings was simulated by changing the position of a throttling valve at the pump output to regulate pressure in the range of 0–700 kPa. The obtained capacity characteristics of individual pumps versus on oil pressure and temperature allowed us to find an appropriate oil pump to make individual engine nodes well-lubricated.