Hormonal regulation of fatty acid synthetase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthesis in mammalian adipose tissue and liver

Administration of ethanol as part of a nutritionally adequate liquid diet to female Wistar rats was found to depress markedly incorporation of labelled glucose into adipose-tissue acylglycerol fatty acids. Similar results with labelled pyruvate and acetate suggested inhibition of the fatty-acid-synthesis pathway at, or distal to, the acetyl-CoA carboxylase step. Activities of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthetase were markedly lower in ethanol-fed animals. The activity of another lipogenic enzyme, phosphatidate phosphohydrolase, was not affected by chronic ethanol feeding. These findings suggest that chronic ethanol administration has marked effects on adipose-tissue lipogenesis.

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Hormonal regulation of fatty acid synthesis in adipose tissue through changes in the activities of pyruvate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.4.1) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.2)

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1079/pns19750042 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 217-224 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

R. M. Denton

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase ◽

Hormonal Regulation ◽

Acid Synthesis ◽

Acetyl Coa Carboxylase ◽

Acetyl Coa

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Regulation of fatty acid synthesis and malonyl-CoA content in mouse brown adipose tissue in response to cold-exposure, starvation or re-feeding

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj2430437 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 243 (2) ◽

pp. 437-442 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

M G Buckley ◽

E A Rath

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Brown Adipose Tissue ◽

Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽

Cold Exposure ◽

Acid Synthesis ◽

Acetyl Coa Carboxylase ◽

Acetyl Coa ◽

Malonyl Coa ◽

Brown Adipose

1. The effect of nutritional status on fatty acid synthesis in brown adipose tissue was compared with the effect of cold-exposure. Fatty acid synthesis was measured in vivo by 3H2O incorporation into tissue lipids. The activities of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthetase and the tissue concentrations of malonyl-CoA and citrate were assayed. 2. In brown adipose tissue of control mice, the tissue content of malonyl-CoA was 13 nmol/g wet wt., higher than values reported in other tissues. From the total tissue water content, the minimum possible concentration was estimated to be 30 microM 3. There were parallel changes in fatty acid synthesis, malonyl-CoA content and acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity in response to starvation and re-feeding. 4. There was no correlation between measured rates of fatty acid synthesis and malonyl-CoA content and acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity in acute cold-exposure. The results suggest there is simultaneous fatty acid synthesis and oxidation in brown adipose tissue of cold-exposed mice. This is probably effected not by decreases in the malonyl-CoA content, but by increases in the concentration of free long-chain fatty acyl-CoA or enhanced peroxisomal oxidation, allowing shorter-chain fatty acids to enter the mitochondria independent of carnitine acyltransferase (overt form) activity.

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The effect of progesterone on prolactin stimulation of fatty acid synthesis, glycerolipid synthesis and lipogenic-enzyme activities in mammary glands of pseudopregnant rabbits, after explant culture or intraductal injection

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj2310321 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 231 (2) ◽

pp. 321-328 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

P Martyn ◽

I R Falconer

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽

Fatty Acid Synthetase ◽

Acid Synthesis ◽

Mammary Glands ◽

Acetyl Coa Carboxylase ◽

Acetyl Coa ◽

Physiological Concentration ◽

Intraductal Injection ◽

Glycerolipid Synthesis

The activities of lipogenic enzymes, such as acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthetase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and glycerolipid synthesis increased significantly in mammary explants of 11-day-pseudopregnant rabbits in response to prolactin, in the presence of near-physiological concentrations of insulin and corticosterone in culture. Increasing the concentration of progesterone in culture resulted in suppression of glycerolipid synthesis and activities of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthetase, but not the pentose phosphate dehydrogenases. However, at near-physiological concentration of progesterone, only acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity was decreased. Injection of prolactin intraductally into 11-day-pseudopregnant rabbits stimulated glycerolipid synthesis, fatty acid synthesis and enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis, after 3 days. Intraductal injection of progesterone separately or together with prolactin had no significant effect on basal or stimulated lipogenesis in mammary glands. Intramuscular injection of progesterone at 10 mg/day did not suppress fatty acid synthesis stimulated when prolactin was injected intraductally, but a significant inhibition was observed at a higher dose (80 mg/day).

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Lipogenic enzymes in rat maternal adipose tissue in the perinatal period

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj1860937 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 186 (3) ◽

pp. 937-944 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

P A Sinnett-Smith ◽

R G Vernon ◽

R J Mayer

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase ◽

Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽

Specific Activity ◽

Fatty Acid Synthetase ◽

Acid Synthesis ◽

Acetyl Coa Carboxylase ◽

Acid Biosynthesis

1. The specific activities of fatty acid synthetase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase and pyruvate dehydrogenase were measured in rat adipose-tissue extracts in pregnancy and lactation. Fatty acid synthetase specific activity correlates very closely with the rate of fatty acid synthesis, the enzyme specific activity decreasing after mid-pregnancy in a manner very similar to the rate of fatty acid synthesis. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase specific activity also decreases dramatically after mid-pregnancy. Initial pyruvate dehydrogenase specific activity shows a decrease between 2 days pre partum and 2 days post partum, but total enzyme activity shows no significant change in the same period. 2. Immunotitrations of fatty acid synthetase and pyruvate dehydrogenase activities were carried out; the titrations showed that the change in the fatty acid synthetase activity is due to a change in the enzyme amount; the amount of pyruvate dyhydrogenase does not change. Therefore the decrease in fatty acid biosynthesis in subcutaneous and parametrial adipose tissue in late pregnancy and early lactation is associated with a decrease in the amount of at least one of the enzymes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis. The correlation of these events with known hormonal changes is discussed.

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Aberrant mitosis in fission yeast mutants defective in fatty acid synthetase and acetyl CoA carboxylase.

The Journal of Cell Biology ◽

10.1083/jcb.134.4.949 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 134 (4) ◽

pp. 949-961 ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Author(s):

S Saitoh ◽

K Takahashi ◽

K Nabeshima ◽

Y Yamashita ◽

Y Nakaseko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Fission Yeast ◽

Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽

Fatty Acid Synthetase ◽

Acid Synthesis ◽

Temperature Sensitive ◽

Acetyl Coa Carboxylase ◽

Acetyl Coa ◽

Nuclear Structures ◽

Yeast Mutants

Two fission yeast temperature-sensitive mutants, cut6 and lsd1, show a defect in nuclear division. The daughter nuclei differ dramatically in size (the phenotype designated lsd, large and small daughter). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed that sister chromatids were separated in the lsd cells, but appeared highly compact in one of the two daughter nuclei. EM showed asymmetric nuclear elongation followed by unequal separation of nonchromosomal nuclear structures in these mutant nuclei. The small nuclei lacked electron-dense nuclear materials and contained highly compacted chromatin. The cut6+ and lsd1+ genes are essential for viability and encode, respectively, acetyl CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthetase, the key enzymes for fatty acid synthesis. Gene disruption of lsd1+ led to the lsd phenotype. Palmitate in medium fully suppressed the phenotypes of lsd1. Cerulenin, an inhibitor for fatty acid synthesis, produced the lsd phenotype in wild type. The drug caused cell inviability during mitosis but not during the G2-arrest induced by the cdc25 mutation. A reduced level of fatty acid thus led to impaired separation of non-chromosomal nuclear components. We propose that fatty acid is directly or indirectly required for separating the mother nucleus into two equal daughters.

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Aspects of adipose-tissue metabolism in foetal lambs

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj1960819 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 196 (3) ◽

pp. 819-824 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

R G Vernon ◽

J P Robertson ◽

R A Clegg ◽

D J Flint

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Lipoprotein Lipase ◽

Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽

Fatty Acid Synthetase ◽

Acid Synthesis ◽

Acetyl Coa ◽

Perirenal Adipose Tissue ◽

Glycerol Synthesis

1. The mean volume of adipocytes, the rates of fatty acid and acylglycerol glycerol synthesis from various precursors (in vitro), the rates of oxidation of acetate and glucose (in vitro) and the activities of lipoprotein lipase and various lipogenic enzymes were determined for perirenal adipose tissue from foetal lambs during the last month of gestation. 2. The fall in the rate of growth of perirenal adipose tissue during the last month of gestation is associated with a diminished capacity for fatty acid synthesis and lipoprotein lipase activity, but no change in the rate of acylglycerol glycerol synthesis was observed. There was no fall in the activities of cytosolic acetyl-CoA synthetase or the NADP-linked dehydrogenases, suggesting that the decrease in the rate of fatty acid synthesis was due to an impairment at the level of acetyl-CoA carboxylase or fatty acid synthetase. 3. The rate of fatty acid synthesis from acetate was greater than that from glucose. The rate of fatty acid synthesis from glucose per adipocyte of foetal lambs was similar to that of young sheep. The characteristic metabolism of adipose tissue of the adult sheep is thus present in the foetus, despite the relatively large amounts of glucose in the foetal ‘diet’.

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Acute effects in vivo of anti-insulin serum on rates of fatty acid synthesis and activities of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase and pyruvate dehydrogenase in liver and epididymal adipose tissue of fed rats

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj1600413 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 160 (2) ◽

pp. 413-416 ◽

Cited By ~ 196

Author(s):

D Stansbie ◽

R W Brownsey ◽

M Crettaz ◽

R M Denton

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase ◽

Acid Synthesis ◽

Epididymal Adipose Tissue ◽

Acetyl Coa Carboxylase ◽

Acetyl Coa ◽

Carboxylase Activity

Plasma insulin concentrations in fed rats were altered acutely by administration of glucose or anti-insulin serum. Rates of fatty acid synthesis in adipose tissue and liver were estimated from the incorporation of 3H from 3H2O. In the adipose tissue dehydrogenase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase were evident. In liver, although changes in rates of fatty acid synthesis were found, the initial activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase did not alter, but small parallel changes in acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity were observed.

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