Effects of photoperiod and temperature on rhythmic melatonin secretion from the pineal organ of the white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) in vitro

1992 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zachmann ◽  
J. Falcon ◽  
S.C.M. Knijff ◽  
V. Bolliet ◽  
M.A. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Organ ◽  
White Sucker ◽  
Catostomus Commersoni ◽  
Melatonin Secretion

In vitro culture and multiplication of Cryptobia catostomi and experimental infection of white sucker (Catostomus commersoni)

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip T. Thomas ◽  
Patrick T. K. Woo
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
White Sucker ◽  
Catostomus Commersoni ◽  
Minimum Essential Medium ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Division Process ◽  
Foetal Bovine Serum

Cryptobia catostomi, a parasitic haemoflagellate of the white sucker (Catostomus commersoni), was cultured in minimum essential medium (MEM) supplemented with Hanks' salts, L-glutamine, and 25% foetal bovine serum (MEM-plus). Parasite numbers were significantly higher in MEM-plus cultures supplemented with white sucker plasma than in unsupplemented cultures. This procedure is useful when large numbers of the parasite are required, e.g., for studies on their nutritional requirements, metabolism, or antigenic nature. Cultures could not be maintained at 10 °C beyond the fourth subculture; this was about 11 months after the primary culture was started. The division process in culture was similar to that reported in fish. The culture forms were infective to white suckers. Parasitaemias in white suckers infected with blood forms increased from 2 to 5 weeks postinfection and stayed relatively constant thereafter. Neither anorexia nor anaemia was evident in infected fish, confirming the nonpathogenicity of C. catostomi to white suckers.

Regulation of melatonin secretion in the pineal organ of the domestic duck – an in vitro study

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Prusik ◽  
B. Lewczuk ◽  
N. Ziółkowska ◽  
B. Przybylska-Gornowicz
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Organ ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Light Cycle ◽  
Melatonin Secretion ◽  
Dark Cycle

AbstractThe aim of study was to determine the mechanisms regulating melatonin secretion in the pineal organs of 1-day-old and 9-month-old domestic ducks. The pineals were cultured in a superfusion system under different light conditions. Additionally, some explants were treated with norepinephrine.The pineal glands of 1-day-old ducks released melatonin in a well-entrained, regular rhythm during incubation under a 12 hrs light : 12 hrs dark cycle and adjusted their secretory activity to a reversed 12 hrs dark : 12 hrs light cycle within 2 days. In contrast, the diurnal changes in melatonin secretion from the pineals of 9-month-old ducks were largely irregular and the adaptation to a reversed cycle lasted 3 days. The pineal organs of nestling and adult ducks incubated in a continuous light or darkness secreted melatonin in a circadian rhythm. The treatment with norepinephrine during photophases of a light-dark cycle resulted in: 1) a precise adjustment of melatonin secretion rhythm to the presence of this catecholamine in the culture medium, 2) a very high amplitude of the rhythm, 3) a rapid adaptation of the pineal secretory activity to a reversed light-dark cycle. The effects of norepinephrine were similar in the pineal organs of nestlings and adults.In conclusion, melatonin secretion in the duck pineal organ is controlled by three main mechanisms: the direct photoreception, the endogenous generator and the noradrenergic transmission. The efficiency of intra-pineal, photosensitivity-based regulatory mechanism is markedly lower in adult than in nestling individuals.

scholarly journals Roles of Direct Photoreception and the Internal Circadian Oscillator in the Regulation of Melatonin Secretion in the Pineal Organ of the Domestic Turkey: A Novel In Vitro Clock and Calendar Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 4022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Prusik ◽  
Bogdan Lewczuk
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Organ ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Melatonin Secretion ◽  
Continuous Darkness ◽  
Light Pulses ◽  
Acting Mechanism ◽  
Internal Oscillator ◽  
D 12

The regulation of melatonin secretion in the avian pineal organ is highly complex and shows prominent interspecies differences. The aim of this study was to determine the roles of direct photoreception and the internal oscillator in the regulation of melatonin secretion in the pineal organ of the domestic turkey. The pineal organs were collected from 12-, 13- and 14-week-old female turkeys reared under a 12 L:12 D cycle with the photophase from 07.00 to 19.00, and were incubated in superfusion culture for 3–6 days. The cultures were subjected to different light conditions including 12 L:12 D cycles with photophases between 07.00 and 19.00, 13.00 and 01.00 or 01.00 and 13.00, a reversed cycle 12 D:12 L, cycles with long (16 L:8 D) and short (8 L:16 D) photophases, and continuous darkness or illumination. The pineal organs were also exposed to light pulses of variable duration during incubation in darkness or to periods of darkness during the photophase. The secretion of melatonin was determined by direct radioimmunoassay. The turkey pineal organs secreted melatonin in a well-entrained diurnal rhythm with a very high amplitude. Direct photoreception as an independently acting mechanism was able to ensure quick and precise adaptation of the melatonin secretion rhythm to changes in light-dark conditions. The pineal organs secreted melatonin in circadian rhythms during incubation in continuous darkness or illumination. The endogenous oscillator of turkey pinealocytes was able to acquire and store information about the light-dark cycle and then to generate the circadian rhythm of melatonin secretion in continuous darkness according to the stored data. The obtained data suggest that the turkey pineal gland is highly autonomous in the generation and regulation of the melatonin secretion rhythm. They also demonstrate that the turkey pineal organ in superfusion culture is a valuable model for chronobiological studies, providing a highly precise clock and calendar. This system has several features which make it an attractive alternative to other avian pineal glands for circadian studies.

scholarly journals Regulation of melatonin secretion in a photoreceptive pineal organ: an in vitro study in the pike

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1943-1950 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Falcon ◽  
JB Marmillon ◽  
B Claustrat ◽  
JP Collin
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Organ ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Melatonin Secretion

Benzodiazepines influence melatonin secretion of the pineal organ of the trout in vitro

1994 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilmar Meissl ◽  
Julián Yáñez ◽  
Peter Ekström ◽  
Eberhard Grossmann
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Organ ◽  
Melatonin Secretion

Responses in a Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) Lifecycle Test and in Wild White Sucker (Catostomus commersoni) Exposed to a Canadian Bleached Kraft Mill Effluent

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne L. Parrott ◽  
L. Mark Hewitt ◽  
Tibor G. Kovacs ◽  
Deborah L. MacLatchy ◽  
Pierre H. Martel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Fathead Minnow ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Fish Reproduction ◽  
White Sucker ◽  
Catostomus Commersoni ◽  
Liver Size ◽  
Paper Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Mill

Abstract To evaluate currently available bioassays for their use in investigating the causes of pulp and paper mill effluent effects on fish reproduction, the responses of wild white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) collected from the receiving environment at the bleached kraft mill at La Tuque, Quebec, were compared with responses of fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) exposed to effluent in a laboratory lifecycle test. White sucker collected at effluent exposed sites had increased liver size but none of the reproductive effects that had been documented in earlier field studies at this site. Exposure to 1, 3, 10, 30, and 100% bleached kraft mill effluent (BKME) in the lab led to significantly decreased length, but increased weight and liver size in male fathead minnow. Female length was also decreased and liver size was increased at high effluent exposures. Most effluent concentrations (1 to 30%) significantly increased egg production compared with controls. The fathead minnow lifecycle assay mirrored the effects seen in wild fish captured downstream of the BKME discharge. These results will be used to select short-term fish tests for investigating the causes of and solutions to the effects of mill effluents on fish reproduction.

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