Sleep disorders in the elderly: Depression and post-traumatic stress disorder

1994 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 141-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Guerrero ◽  
Marc-Antoine Crocq
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic

scholarly journals The spectral fingerprint of sleep problems in post-traumatic stress disorder

SLEEP ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M de Boer ◽  
M J Nijdam ◽  
R A Jongedijk ◽  
K A Bangel ◽  
M Olff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Oscillation Power ◽  
Post Traumatic

Abstract Study Objectives Sleep problems are a core feature of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The aim of this study was to find a robust objective measure for the sleep disturbance in patients having PTSD. Methods The current study assessed EEG power across a wide frequency range and multiple scalp locations, in matched trauma-exposed individuals with and without PTSD, during rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep. In addition, a full polysomnographical evaluation was performed, including sleep staging and assessment of respiratory function, limb movements, and heart rate. The occurrence of sleep disorders was also assessed. Results In patients having PTSD, NREM sleep shows a substantial loss of slow oscillation power and increased higher frequency activity compared with controls. The change is most pronounced over right-frontal sensors and correlates with insomnia. PTSD REM sleep shows a large power shift in the opposite direction, with increased slow oscillation power over occipital areas, which is strongly related to nightmare activity and to a lesser extent with insomnia. These pronounced spectral changes occur in the context of severe subjective sleep problems, increased occurrence of various sleep disorders and modest changes in sleep macrostructure. Conclusions This is the first study to show pronounced changes in EEG spectral topologies during both NREM and REM sleep in PTSD. Importantly, the observed power changes reflect the hallmarks of PTSD sleep problems: insomnia and nightmares and may thus be specific for PTSD. A spectral index derived from these data distinguishes patients from controls with high effect size, bearing promise as a candidate biomarker.

scholarly journals The Spectral Fingerprint of Sleep Problems in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. de Boer ◽  
M.J. Nijdam ◽  
R.A. Jongedijk ◽  
Olff ◽  
W.F. M. Hofman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Oscillation Power ◽  
Post Traumatic

AbstractBACKGROUNDSleep problems are a core feature of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, a robust objective measure for the sleep disturbance in patients has yet to be found.METHODSThe current study assessed EEG power across a wide frequency range and multiple scalp locations, in matched trauma-exposed individuals with and without PTSD, during rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep. In addition, a full polysomnographical evaluation was performed, including sleep staging and assessment of respiratory function, limb movements and heart rate. The occurrence of sleep disorders was also assessed.RESULTSIn PTSD patients, NREM sleep shows a substantial loss of slow oscillation power and increased higher frequency activity compared to controls. The change is most pronounced in right-frontal brain areas and correlates with insomnia. PTSD REM sleep shows a large power shift in the opposite direction, with increased slow oscillation power in occipital areas, which is strongly related to nightmare activity and to lesser extent with insomnia. These pronounced spectral changes occur in the context of severe subjective sleep problems, increased occurrence of various sleep disorders and modest changes in sleep macrostructure.CONCLUSIONSThis is the first study to show pronounced changes in EEG spectral topologies during both NREM and REM sleep in PTSD. Importantly, the observed power changes reflect the hallmarks of PTSD sleep problems: insomnia and nightmares and may thus be specific for PTSD. A spectral index derived from these data distinguishes patients from controls with high effect size, bearing promise as a candidate biomarker.

Factors associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following natural disaster among Indonesian elderly

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
Gading Ekapuja Aurizki ◽  
Ferry Efendi ◽  
Retno Indarwati
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Post Disaster ◽  
Elder People

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze factors associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among elderly who live in a post-earthquake area. Design/methodology/approach This was a cross-sectional study involving 152 elder people who survived the disaster and were selected conveniently. The study was conducted in two worst-affected districts of Lombok Utara regency. PTSD was diagnosed using a modified version of the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale version 5 (CAPS-5). The demographic data were assessed using a self-developed questionnaire consisting of 13 items. All data were analyzed by descriptive analysis, χ2 test and binary logistic regression with p<0.05. Findings Out of the 152 elder people, 91 (59.9 percent) suffered PTSD. Intrusion symptoms were the most common symptoms experienced by the respondents (94.1 percent). The factors associated with the PTSD in the elderly after the earthquake were having chronic illnesses (OR=2.490; 95% CI=1.151–5.385), public health center utilization (OR=2.200; 95% CI=1.068–4.535) and occupational status before the disaster (OR=2.726; 95% CI=1.296–5.730). These findings highlight that individual factors and access to health care services remain an important aspect of stress identification among the elderly following the disaster event. Social implications Elder people constitute a vulnerable group that is often forgotten and neglected during post-disaster recovery, though they have potentially higher psychosocial distress than younger age groups. This study was conducted to raise awareness about mental health problems suffered by the elderly. Originality/value This is the first study to apply CAPS-5 to assess PTSD among Indonesian elderly people following a natural disaster. This paper also provides insights that can be used by governments and other relevant parties to address PTSD problems suffered by many elderly people in a post-disaster area.

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