Antibody formation in cryptogenetic splenomegaly I. The response to particulate antigen injected intravenously

The influence of antibody on antibody formation to particulate antigen was examined in the rabbit with special reference to the importance of immunoglobulin type, the amount and relative proportion of antigen and antibody involved, and the specificity of this influence. 19S as well as 7S antibody was shown to be an effective inhibitor of antibody formation, although there was some evidence that 7S antibody was the more efficient of the two in doing so. The inhibitory effect of antibody was found to be specific for homologous antigenic determinants. Both 19S and 7S antibody were also able to enhance antibody formation. In contrast to the suppressive phenomenon, however, enhancement appeared to be nonspecific since antibody reactive with homologous (sheep red blood cell) determinants could enhance the response not only to homologous determinants but to heterologous (dinitrobenzene) determinants conjugated to the red blood cells as well. Smaller amounts of antibody were needed to enhance than to suppress antibody formation, and suppression and enhancement depended to some extent on the amount of antigen as well as to the amount of antibody used. The enhancing and suppressing influence of antibody on antibody formation appeared to be exerted concomitantly, for the response to some antigenic determinants was sometimes suppressed at the same time that the response to others was enhanced. It is suggested that enhancement or suppression of immunologic responses by antibody represents a different balance of at least two competing factors operating together: specific neutralization of appropriate determinants thus decreasing the total effective concentration of these determinants available to stimulate the formation of antibodies, and a nonspecific increase in the availability of antigen to immunologically competent cells.

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Relationship of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Genes to Inhibitor Antibody Formation in Hemophilia A

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1647359 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 64 (04) ◽

pp. 564-568 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Lloyd E Lippert ◽

Lyman Mc A Fisher ◽

Lawrence B Schook

Keyword(s):

Major Histocompatibility Complex ◽

Factor Viii ◽

Antibody Formation ◽

Rflp Analysis ◽

Class Ii ◽

Major Histocompatibility ◽

Odds Ratios ◽

Inhibitory Antibody ◽

Histocompatibility Complex ◽

Hla Dr

SummaryApproximately 14% of transfused hemophiliacs develop an anti-factor VIII inhibitory antibody which specifically neutralizes factor VIII procoagulant activity. In this study an association of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) with inhibitor antibody formation was evaluated by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis using BamHI, EcoRI, HindII, PstI, PvuII and TaqI digested genomic DNA probed with DP beta, DQ alpha, DQ beta and DR beta class II MHC gene probes. The RFLP patterns for 16 non-inhibitor and 11 inhibitor hemophiliac patients were analyzed. These 24 enzyme:probe combinations generated 231 fragments. Fifteen (15) fragments associated with the inhibitor phenotype; odds ratios ranged from 5.1 to 45 and lower bounds of 95% confidence intervals were > 1.000 for all 15 fragments. Five (5) fragments associated with non-inhibitors, with odds ratios ranging from 6.4 to 51.7. This report establishes a MHC related genetic basis for the inhibitor phenotype. No statistically significant differences in the distribution of serologically defined HLA-DR phenotypes were observed between the inhibitor and non-inhibitor groups.

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Low rate of neutralising antibody formation to botulinum toxin type A in the course of treatment of primary axillary hyperhidrosis

Aktuelle Neurologie ◽

10.1055/s-2005-919411 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 32 (S 4) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M Naumann ◽

H Hamm ◽

D Glaser ◽

S Daggett ◽

C Kumar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Botulinum Toxin ◽

Antibody Formation ◽

Botulinum Toxin Type A ◽

Type A ◽

Botulinum Toxin Type ◽

Axillary Hyperhidrosis ◽

Low Rate

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THE HEXOSAMINE CONTENT OF THE ORBIT IN RELATION TO ANTI-THYROTROPHIN ANTIBODY TITRES IN SERA OF THYROTROPHIN-TREATED RABBITS WITH AND WITHOUT CORTISONE ADMINISTRATION

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0410474 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 474-480 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Otto Wegelius ◽

E. J. Jokinen

Keyword(s):

Connective Tissue ◽

Guinea Pigs ◽

Antibody Formation ◽

Direct Proof ◽

Significant Rise ◽

Extraocular Muscles ◽

Concomitant Treatment ◽

Antibody Titres ◽

Hexosamine Content ◽

Synergetic Action

ABSTRACT In all previous investigations on experimental exophthalmos, heterologous thyrotrophic pituitary extracts have been used. These protein hormones stimulate antihormone formation in the test animals. Cortisone has been reported to effectively block antibody formation. In addition, it has been shown to potentiate TSH-induced exophthalmos in guinea-pigs. With rabbits as test animals, the hexosamine content of the orbital tissues was determined and used as an index of exophthalmos development and at the same time the antibody titres in the sera were followed. TSH injections for six weeks led to a highly significant accumulation of hexosamine in the retrobulbar connective tissue and in the extraocular muscles, i. e. an increase of up to 400% as compared with the control animals. At the same time a significant rise in antihormonal titres was detectable in the sera. Concomitant treatment with cortisone brought about an equal or higher accumulation of hexosamine but significantly lower antibody titres. The known opposite peripheral actions of TSH and cortisone can be reconciled with the synergy in producing experimental exophthalmos by attributing the synergetic action of cortisone to the blocking of antihormone formation. If less antihormones are produced, the effect of TSH is enhanced. Our experiments do not provide direct proof for this hypothesis. High hexosamine values in the orbit and low antihormone titres in the serum are, however, concomitant phenomena.

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