Functional analysis of long terminal repeats derived from four strains of simian immunodeficiency virus SIVAGM in Relation to Other Primate Lentiviruses

Virology ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 185 (1) ◽  
pp. 455-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Ichi Sakuragi ◽  
Masashi Fukasawa ◽  
Riri Shibata ◽  
Hiroyuki Sakai ◽  
Meiko Kawamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Long Terminal Repeats ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Primate Lentiviruses ◽  
Terminal Repeats

Functional analysis of simian immunodeficiency virus SIVAGM long terminal repeat

Virus Genes ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Ichi Sakuragi ◽  
Sayuri Sakuragi ◽  
Shigeharu Ueda ◽  
Akio Adachi
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Long Terminal Repeat ◽  
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Terminal Repeat ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

scholarly journals The Susceptibility of Primate Lentiviruses to Nucleosides and Vpx during Infection of Dendritic Cells Is Regulated by CA

2015 ◽  
Vol 89 (7) ◽  
pp. 4030-4034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Véronique Barateau ◽  
Xuan-Nhi Nguyen ◽  
Fanny Bourguillault ◽  
Grégory Berger ◽  
Stéphanie Cordeil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Viral Protein ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Protein X ◽  
Primate Lentiviruses ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Hiv 1

The block toward human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection of dendritic cells (DCs) can be relieved by Vpx (viral protein X), which degrades sterile alpha motif-hydroxylase domain 1 (SAMHD1) or by exogenously added deoxynucleosides (dNs), lending support to the hypothesis that SAMHD1 acts by limiting deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs). This notion has, however, been questioned. We show that while dNs and Vpx increase the infectivity of HIV-1, only the latter restores the infectivity of a simian immunodeficiency virus of macaques variant, SIVMACΔVpx virus. This distinct behavior seems to map to CA, suggesting that species-specific CA interactors modulate infection of DCs.

scholarly journals Functional analysis of the long terminal repeats ofDrosophila1731 retrotransposon: promoter function and steroid regulation

1989 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 8631-8644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Ziarczyk ◽  
Frédérique Fourcade-Peronet ◽  
Sophie Simonart ◽  
Clude Maisonhaute ◽  
Martin Best-Belpomme
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Long Terminal Repeats ◽  
Promoter Function ◽  
Steroid Regulation ◽  
Terminal Repeats

scholarly journals Characterization of a Novel vpu-Harboring Simian Immunodeficiency Virus from a Dent's Mona Monkey (Cercopithecus mona denti)

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (13) ◽  
pp. 8560-8571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Christine Dazza ◽  
Michel Ekwalanga ◽  
Monique Nende ◽  
Karhemere Bin Shamamba ◽  
Pitchou Bitshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Primate Lentiviruses ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Mona Monkey ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT We report the identification of a new simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), designated SIVden, in a naturally infected Dent's Mona monkey (Cercopithecus mona denti), which was kept as pet in Kinshasa, capital of the Democratic Republic of Congo. SIVden is genetically distinct from the previously characterized primate lentiviruses. Analysis of the full-length genomic sequence revealed the presence of a vpu open reading frame. This gene is also found in the virus lineage of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and chimpanzee immunodeficiency virus (SIVcpz) and was recently described in viruses isolated from Cercopithecus nictitans, Cercopithecus mona, and Cercopithecus cephus. The SIVden vpu coding region is shorter than the HIV-1/SIVcpz and the SIVgsn, SIVmon, and SIVmus counterparts. Unlike Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii viruses (SIVcpzPts) and Cercopithecus monkey viruses (SIVgsn, SIVmon, and SIVmus), the SIVden Vpu contains the characteristic DSGXES motif which was shown to be involved in Vpu-mediated CD4 and IκBα proteolysis in HIV-1 infected cells. Although it harbors a vpu gene, SIVden is phylogenetically closer to SIVdeb isolated from De Brazza's monkeys (Cercopithecus neglectus), which lacks a vpu gene, than to Cercopithecus monkey viruses, which harbor a vpu sequence.

scholarly journals Differential Restriction of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 and Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVmac by TRIM5α Alleles

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (18) ◽  
pp. 11580-11587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura M. J. Ylinen ◽  
Zuzana Keckesova ◽  
Sam J. Wilson ◽  
Srinika Ranasinghe ◽  
Greg J. Towers
Keyword(s):  
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Squirrel Monkey ◽  
New World ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Sooty Mangabey ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Primate Lentiviruses ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT Primate lentiviruses have narrow host ranges, due in part to their sensitivities to mammalian intracellular antiviral factors such as APOBEC3G and TRIM5α. Despite the protection provided by this innate immune system, retroviruses are able to transfer between species where they can cause disease. This is true for sooty mangabey simian immunodeficiency virus, which has transferred to humans as HIV-2 and to rhesus macaques as SIVmac, where it causes AIDS. Here we examine the sensitivities of the closely related HIV-2 and SIVmac to restriction by TRIM5α. We show that rhesus TRIM5α can restrict HIV-2 but not the closely related SIVmac. SIVmac has not completely escaped TRIM5α, as shown by its sensitivity to distantly related TRIM5α from the New World squirrel monkey. Squirrel monkey TRIM5α blocks SIVmac infection after DNA synthesis and is not saturable with restriction-sensitive virus-like particles. We map the determinant for TRIM5α sensitivity to the structure in the capsid protein that recruits CypA into HIV-1 virions. We also make an SIV, mutated at this site, which bypasses restriction in all cells tested.

scholarly journals Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Rapidly Penetrates the Cervicovaginal Mucosa after Intravaginal Inoculation and Infects Intraepithelial Dendritic Cells

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (13) ◽  
pp. 6087-6095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinjie Hu ◽  
Murray B. Gardner ◽  
Christopher J. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Cell Suspensions ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Mucosal Surfaces ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Primate Lentiviruses ◽  
Draining Lymph Nodes

ABSTRACT Despite recent insights into mucosal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission, the route used by primate lentiviruses to traverse the stratified squamous epithelium of mucosal surfaces remains undefined. To determine if dendritic cells (DC) are used by primate lentiviruses to traverse the epithelial barrier of the genital tract, rhesus macaques were intravaginally exposed to cell-free simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac251. We examined formalin-fixed tissues and HLA-DR+-enriched cell suspensions to identify the cells containing SIV RNA in the genital tract and draining lymph nodes within the first 24 h of infection. Using SIV-specific fluorescent in situ hybridization combined with immunofluorescent antibody labeling of lineage-specific cell markers, numerous SIV RNA+ DC were documented in cell suspensions from the vaginal epithelium 18 h after vaginal inoculation. In addition, we determined the minimum time that the SIV inoculum must remain in contact with the genital mucosa for the virus to move from the vaginal lumen into the mucosa. We now show that SIV enters the vaginal mucosa within 60 min of intravaginal exposure, infecting primarily intraepithelial DC and that SIV-infected cells are located in draining lymph nodes within 18 h of intravaginal SIV exposure. The speed with which primate lentiviruses penetrate mucosal surfaces, infect DC, and disseminate to draining lymph nodes poses a serious challenge to HIV vaccine development.

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