Systematic selection for increased fruit yield in populations derived from hybridization only, F1 irradiation, and hybridization following parental irradiation in peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.)

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Emery ◽  
J.C. Wynne
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Systematic Selection

scholarly journals Selection Indices for Simultaneous Selection for Pod Yield and Leafspot Resistance in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)1

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Iroume ◽  
D. A. Knauft
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Index Selection ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Yield Gain ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Disease Pressure

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of index selection for pod yield and leafspot resistance, causal organisms Cercospora arachidicola Hori and Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. and Curt.) Deighton, in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Eleven crosses were evaluated in the S1 and S2 generations under natural disease pressure for pod yield and disease reaction. Leafspot severity was measured by leaf necrotic area and defoliation. Variances for each trait and covariances between traits were estimated by progeny analysis. Economic weights assigned to the different characters were derived as the ratio of the pod yield for a genotype to the theoretical pod yield gain from leafspot resistance. Indices were constructed and their efficiency both as predictor of the breeding value and relative to individual selection for either trait was evaluated. Index selection for increased pod yield and reduced leafspot susceptibility was between 87% and 100% as efficient as direct selection for either trait. Combining several leafspot severity readings with pod yield did not improve the efficiency of the index. Fourteen to 17% of the breeding value of the population was accounted for by the traits combined in various indices. This indicated that there is potential for improvement of these indices.

scholarly journals Inheritance of a Novel Heterozygous Peanut Mutant, 5-Small Leaflet

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
W. D. Branch ◽  
S. P. Tallury ◽  
J. P. Clevenger ◽  
B. M. Schwartz ◽  
W. W. Hanna
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Pollen Parent ◽  
Normal Leaf ◽  
Mutant Plant ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
True Breeding ◽  
Selection For

ABSTRACT An unusual 5-Small Leaflet mutant plant was found within the ‘Georgia Green' runner-type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivar. Subsequent selfing has not established a true-breeding 5-Small Leaflet genotype. It continues to segregate normal and 5-Small Leaflet plants but with a reduced number of normal leaf plants upon selection for 5-Small Leaflet phenotypes after several self-generations. F1, F2, F3, and F4 data suggests that the 5-Small Leaflet trait is dominant or possibly pseudo-dominant. Likewise, the 5-Small Leaflet mutant can only be used as a pollen parent in crosses, and it has approximately a 1:1 ratio of elongated to normal stigmas, respectively, on individual plants. This is an example of a novel heterozygous peanut mutant plant found within the cultivated allotetraploid peanut.

Progress and Variability After Four Cycles of Recurrent Selection in Peanut1

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Halward ◽  
J. C. Wynne
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Selection Intensity ◽  
Fruit Traits ◽  
Selection Procedures ◽  
Original Population ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Pod Length

Abstract Recurrent selection procedures are becoming more popular as a means of population improvement in self-pollinated crops. Four cycles of recurrent selection for yield in a broad-based peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) population have been completed. The objectives of this study were to determine (a) progress made after four cycles of recurrent selection for fruit yield and (b) if sufficient variability remained in the population to permit further improvements in yield from additional cycles of selection. The 40 highest yielding lines from 100 random-paired matings, were intercrossed to produce each successive cycle, resulting in a selection intensity of 40%. Bulked seed of the parental lines from each cycle were evaluated for yield to determine progress made after four cycles of selection. The observed variation in yield among entries was mainly due to differences among cycle means. Differences among cycle means were also detected for pod length, but not for any of the other fruit traits measured. The response to selection for yield was linear with a significant (p = 0.01) and positive regression coefficient (b = 190.7 kg ha-1). Selection based on fruit yield did not significantly change the means for any of the fruit traits measured. Significant estimates of genetic variability among entries within the cycle 4 population for yield and all fruit traits measured suggest that continued progress from additional cycles of selection should be expected in this population. Greater progress from selection may have resulted had a higher selection intensity been applied. However, estimates of genetic variability would be expected to decrease with each cycle of selection as the selection intensity increases and as the genetic base of the original population narrows. In the use of a broad-based population and a relatively low selection intensity, we chose to accept a lower rate of progress/cycle for yield in order to maintain a greater level of genetic variability within the recurrent selection population.

scholarly journals Heritabilities and Correlations for Pod Yield and Leafspot Resistance in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.): Implications for Early Generation Selection1

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Iroume ◽  
D. A. Knauft
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Early Generation ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Selection For

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate early generation selection methods for the identification of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) crosses with combined high yield and disease resistance. Eleven crosses were chosen in the S1 on the basis of yield and disease reaction. The S2 was evaluated under natural disease infection for pod yield and leafspot resistance, causal organisms Cercospora arachidicola Hori and Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. and Curt.) Deighton. Resistance was measured by leaf necrotic area and defoliation. Narrow sense heritabilities for all the traits were estimated by sib analysis and regression of S2 plant performance on S1 plant performance. Genetic correlations among traits and the relative efficiency of indirect selection for all the traits were also computed. The results suggest that selection among crosses for all the traits would be advantageous in the S1 (h2f = 67 to 79%) as compared to individual plant selection (h2 = 16 to 26%) or within family selection (h2w = 3 to 5%). Selection of genotypes within crosses would be the poorest strategy in early generations. Negative genetic correlations were noted between yield and leafspot severity. The expected progress in increasing resistance of peanut genotypes through selection for yield (30 to 40% of the response from direct selection for resistance) indicated that selection for yield under disease pressure may be advantageous for developing high yielding, leafspot tolerant genotypes.

scholarly journals Inheritance of Seed Dormancy in a Cross Between Two Spanish Peanut Cultivars1

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
J-L. B. Khalfaoui
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Major Objective ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Complex Additive ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Pedigree Selection ◽  
Selection For

Abstract Obtaining early maturing peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) (Spanish) with seed dormancy is a major objective in breeding programs. This study was conducted to determine the inheritance of seed dormancy in a cross between the only dormant, early maturing cultivar that is currently released (73–30) and a very early maturing non-dormant cultivar (Chico). Results showed that genetic control is not very complex (additive, dominance and digenic epistatic effects). Broad sense and narrow sense heritabilities ranged between 0.49 and 0.57. These results indicate that pedigree selection for dormancy could be successfully carried out in Spanish type cultivars using 73–30 as a parent.

GERMINACIÓN DE SEMILLAS DE CACAHUATE (Arachis hypogaea L.) UTILIZANDO DIFERENTES DOSIS DE GIBERELINA.

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. García Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

Objetivo: Evaluar la germinación de cacahuate (Arachis hypogaea L.) mediante el uso de diferentes dosis de ácido giberélico (GA3). Diseño/metodología/aproximación: Se empleó un diseño completamente al azar. Se utilizaron tres tratamientos con 20 repeticiones. Tratamiento 1: 0.05gr/L de ácido giberélico (GA3), Tratamiento 2: 0.10gr/L de ácido giberélico (GA3), Tratamiento 3: 0.15gr/L de ácido giberélico (GA3) y Tratamiento 0: Testigo. Se utilizaron semillas de cacahuate de la variedad Virginia. Los parámetros a evaluar fueron, la altura de plántula, número de hojas, medida de raíz y biomasa.  Las medias fueron comparadas por la prueba de Tukey a un nivel del 5% de confianza. Resultados: Los tratamientos indicaron que el Tratamiento 0 (Testigo) obtuvo un porcentaje de germinación de 85%, siendo mayor que el tratamiento 3 (0.15gr/L de GA3) con un 75% de germinación, sin embargo, el tratamiento 1 (0.05gr/L de GA3) y 2 (0.10gr/L de GA3) presentaron una mejor respuesta al obtener un 95% de germinación cada uno. Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones: El tratamiento 3 causa efectos negativos en la germinación de la planta. Hallazgos/conclusiones: Es necesario dar seguimiento a la investigación para un mejor control del ambiente y ampliar las dosis de GA3, así como aumentar la velocidad de germinación aplicando 0.15gr/L de GA3.

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