early maturing
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Author(s):  
Devi Suresh ◽  
M. Ananthan ◽  
C. Vanniarajan ◽  
P. Balasubramanian ◽  
T. Sivakumar ◽  
...  

Background: MDU-1 is a high yielding, indeterminate cluster bean variety. In order to develop determinate mutant with high yield, MDU-1 cluster bean variety was irradiated using gamma rays, electron beam and combination of gamma rays and EMS with different doses and the variability induced in M5 generations were studied. Methods: Twenty one best individual plants from M4 generation were selected based on plant height and higher yield and forwarded to M5 generation where they were evaluated in RBD with three replications. Fourteen non-segregating mutant lines with desirable traits were identified in M5 generation and were evaluated for variability along with the parent MDU1. Result: Five best mutant lines namely ACMC-020-04, ACMC-020-11, ACMC-020-08, ACMC-020-10 and ACMC-020-11 were selected from the 14 accessions based on per se performance and variability analysis. The selected mutants needs to be forwarded for stability testing in different environments.


2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guibing Hu ◽  
Junting Feng ◽  
Xu Xiang ◽  
Jiabao Wang ◽  
Jarkko Salojärvi ◽  
...  

AbstractLychee is an exotic tropical fruit with a distinct flavor. The genome of cultivar ‘Feizixiao’ was assembled into 15 pseudochromosomes, totaling ~470 Mb. High heterozygosity (2.27%) resulted in two complete haplotypic assemblies. A total of 13,517 allelic genes (42.4%) were differentially expressed in diverse tissues. Analyses of 72 resequenced lychee accessions revealed two independent domestication events. The extremely early maturing cultivars preferentially aligned to one haplotype were domesticated from a wild population in Yunnan, whereas the late-maturing cultivars that mapped mostly to the second haplotype were domesticated independently from a wild population in Hainan. Early maturing cultivars were probably developed in Guangdong via hybridization between extremely early maturing cultivar and late-maturing cultivar individuals. Variable deletions of a 3.7 kb region encompassed by a pair of CONSTANS-like genes probably regulate fruit maturation differences among lychee cultivars. These genomic resources provide insights into the natural history of lychee domestication and will accelerate the improvement of lychee and related crops.


2022 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 01026
Author(s):  
Natal`ya Garskaya ◽  
Lidiya Peretyatko ◽  
Sergey Pozyabin ◽  
Sergey Tresnitskiy ◽  
Anatoliy Tresnitskiy

The article deals with the issues of the influence of heat stress that occurs in the summer on the indicators characterizing the reproductive qualities. Purebred sows of tested Poltava meat breed of different genotypes were investigated: Group I - individuals-offspring obtained by the method of introductory crossing using the blood of early maturing meat breed (blood content 12.5 %), Group II - individuals obtained by the method of introductory crossing using the blood of the Finnish Landrace (blood content of 12.5 %). It was found that in sows of the Poltava meat breed with the blood of early maturing meat breed, the number of live piglets at birth significantly exceeds the indices of sows with the blood of the Finnish Landrace by 8.27 % at p≤0.05. According to the analysis of Cv, these natural and technological conditions had the greatest influence on the duration of the service period in sows of Group I. Wherein, the least influence of these natural and technological conditions was found for the indicator of the duration of pregnancy. Animals with the blood of an early maturing meat breed were more adaptable to these natural and technological conditions.


2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Valentina Gamajunova ◽  
Lubov Khonenko ◽  
Oksana Iskakova

Potatoes are an extremely important crop for the nutrition of the population in Ukraine. Its potential is high-up to 100 t/ha of tubers, but the average yield reaches 14-16 t/ha. To obtain significantly higher productivity, it is necessary to improve the main elements of cultivation technology. The main factor of potato production on drip irrigation is the optimisation of plant nutrition, which the authors have taken to study with three varieties of early maturing potatoes. Studies have established that providing plants with nutrients with the selection of varieties can increase the productivity of tubers up to 37-39 t/ha, or increase its level compared to the control to 64.7%. It was determined that the maximum yield is provided by the main application from autumn N32P32K32, before planting N48P48K48 and carrying out three top dressings during the growing season simultaneously with watering with a total rate of N33 and Plantafol 6 kg/ha, starting from the beginning of budding with an interval of 8-10 days. At the same time, tubers are formed with high-quality indicators as they contain a sufficient number of dry substances, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), and starch. It should be noted that when optimising nutrition, the intake of all the main indicators of potato tubers compared to the control slightly decreased, namely dry substances and starch. On the contrary, the amount of ascorbic acid increased, especially with top dressing with Plantafol. Varietal features regarding the impact on the quality of tubers are also determined. Significantly more dry substances were found in tubers of the Riviera and Prada varieties, and more starch content was found in Prada and Minerva varieties. Slightly less dry matter and ascorbic acid were detected in Minerva potato tubers compared to other varieties. From the grown crop of tubers of the studied potato varieties, it is possible to obtain up to 4.0 t/ha of bioethanol or alcohol if they are processed


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 242-249
Author(s):  
Gapili Naoura ◽  
Doyam Nodjasse Amos ◽  
Djinodji Reoungal ◽  
Djenaissem Alfred

The phytoparasite, Striga spp., is a major biotic constraint to cereals production in sub-Saharan Africa. This study was carried out at station of Bébédjia of Chadian Institute of Agronomic Research for the Development in Sudanian agricultural zone of Chad, on traditional methods of controlling Striga spp. This study helped to find out several methods of controlling Striga among which the most important is the agronomic method including organic and or mineral fertilization, associated crops, crop rotation and the use of false hosts and trap crops. Some farmers cultivated resistant varieties and early maturing varieties to control pest attack and some others used shea flour and herbicide treatment to reduce the effect of Striga on the farm. Most of these methods were applied by farmers from generation to generation, without a thorough study to understand their mechanism. Thus, the listed methods will be analysed by research in station to find out scientific explanations for each applied method. Then experiments will be carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of some methods previously identified by extension rural services in farmers’ area after improvement.  


Author(s):  
A. Kavitha Reddy ◽  
D. Mohan Reddy ◽  
Lakshminarayana R. Vemireddy ◽  
P. Sudhakar ◽  
B.V. Bhaskara Reddy

Background: As blackgram cultivation is majorly spread in rain fed areas, breeding short duration and high yielding blackgram varieties is of profound importance to tackle terminal moisture stress and reap impressive yields by breaking the yield plateau. Hence, the present study was aimed to identify highly heterotic cross combinations for yield and earliness. Methods: Six parents along with 15 F1s were evaluated (rabi, 2019) for seed yield and its component traits along with earliness to estimate the magnitude of heterosis. Result: The cross LBG-752 × TBG-104 exhibited heterosis estimates in desirable direction for yield and earliness. The next best crosses were LBG-752 × PU-31, TU-40 × TBG-104, LBG-752 × TU-40 and IPU-2-43 × TBG-104. Because of its autogamous genetic architecture and biological constraints in large scale economic hybrid seed production, heterosis could be exploited only by isolating the early maturing and high yielding segregants followed by bi-parental or recurrent selection in early segregating generations and single plant selection in subsequent generations that would result in short duration and high yielding blackgram variety that fits well into different ecological niches.


Author(s):  
Z.K. Yuldasheva ◽  
◽  
A.S. Bushnev ◽  
N.Kh. Ergasheva ◽  
◽  
...  

To obtain high yields of good quality of sunflower seeds, it is necessary to strictly observe scientifically justified cultivation technology, which combines techniques accounting both the biological features of the crop and the natural and climatic conditions of the region. But the role of varietal agricultural technology is also great, which takes into account the properties of a new variety and ensures the fullest realization of its productivity potential under these conditions. Research and development data are very important when introducing crops or varieties into new regions. In this regard, it became necessary to study and scientifically substantiate the optimal seed sowing rates of Russian sunflower varieties in irrigated conditions of the Uzbekistan Republic. The effect of seed sowing rates on the growth, development and yield of Russian oil sunflower varieties was studied in 2020– 2021 at the experimental station of the Tashkent State Agrarian University of Uzbekistan. The objects of the research were promising varieties Irtysh, Skormas (Russia) and the local variety Dilbar (Uzbekistan), which were cultivated at different seed sowing rates, providing a plant population of 40, 50, 60 and 70 thousand plants per ha. As a result of the studies, we found out, according to the complex of economically valuable traits, the best varieties of oil sunflower in the conditions of the Tashkent region are the middle maturing variety Dilbar of the local selection and the ultra-early maturing variety Skormas of the Russian selection, they formed the highest yield in the main crops on irrigation with a seed sowing rate of 50 thousand plant per ha – 4.35 and 4.09 t per ha, respectively. The Russian variety Irtysh is ultra-early maturing, the growing season is 86–88 days, it is less productive and can be considered as promising for repeated crops.


Author(s):  
A.A. Detsyna ◽  
◽  
V.I. Khatnyansky ◽  
I.V. Illarionova ◽  
Ya.N. Demurin ◽  
...  

The variety Aladdin is the new confectionary sunflower variety. It is developed in the laboratory of OP-sunflower breeding jointly with the laboratory of genetic at the V.S. Pustovoit AllRussian Research Institute of Oil Crops in 2014– 2020. It is developed by crossing plants of a line VK 1-imi (Imr Imr) used as a maternal form and a pollen mixture of an early maturing confectionary sunflower variety, with the further treatment by the herbicide Euro-Lightning. Later, there were conducted a multiple individual selection and estimation in progenies of families that were the best by their morphometric and economically valuable traits, tolerance to broomrape races E, F, and G and to downy mildew. The variety belongs to the middle maturity group, confectionary type. The major features of the cultivar Aladdin are its resistance to imi-herbicides, high productivity, tolerance to the main races of broomrape and downy mildew, increased level of autofertility. The variety is suitable for cultivation by Clearfield (BASF) technology. It is uniformed by plants height, flowering and maturing. A period emergence – physiological maturity is equal to 97–99 days. Weight of 1000 seeds at plant population of 25–30 thousand plants/ha exceeds 130 g.


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