Variability of Essential and Nonessential Fatty Acids of Irish Rapeseed Oils as an Indicator of Nutritional Quality

The low saturated fatty acid content of rapeseed oil has resulted in it being classed as one of the most health-benefiting culinary oils. This study determines whether Irish rapeseed oils contain identical fatty acid profiles or whether distinct profiles exist between producers and producers’ successive oil batches. The fatty acid content of Irish rapeseed oils was determined in terms of the desirable MUFA and PUFA and saturated content of these oils. The fatty acid composition demonstrated significant differences in individual unsaturated fatty acid content, while total saturation had insignificant differences. Saturated fatty acid content ranged from 6.10 to 15.8%, while unsaturated fatty acids ranged from 84.20 to 90.10%. Moreover, individual fatty acid content exhibited significant differences ( p < 0.05 ). Oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2), and stearic acid (C18:0) contents were considered significantly different from other fatty acids detected. The third successive batch from each producer exhibited lower oleic acid content, and the third batch contained higher linoleic acid content, at the same time maintaining a desirable unsaturated fatty acid composition. Studies suggest that differences in the fatty acid composition may be due to cultivation practices such as climate, soil composition, sowing and harvesting, processing techniques, and oxidation reactions.

Oleic acid-related anti-inflammatory effects in force-stressed PdL fibroblasts are mediated by H3 lysine acetylation associated with altered IL10 expression

The initiation of a spatially and temporally limited inflammation is essential for tissue and bone remodeling by the periodontal ligament (PdL) located between teeth and alveolar bone. Obesity-associated hyperlipidemic changes may impair PdL fibroblast (PdLF) functions, disturbing their inflammatory response to mechanical stress such as those occurring during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Recently, we reported an attenuated pro inflammatory response of human PdLF (HPdLF) to compressive forces when stimulated with monounsaturated oleic acid (OA). Fatty acids, including OA, could serve as alternative source of acetyl-CoA, thereby affecting epigenetic histone marks such as histone 3 lysine acetylation (H3Kac) in a lipid metabolism-dependent manner. In this study, we therefore aimed to investigate the extent to which OA exerts its anti-inflammatory effect via changes in H3Kac. Six-hour compressed HPdLF showed increased H3Kac when cultured with OA. Inhibition of histone deacetylases resulted in a comparable IL10 increase as observed in compressed OA cultures. In contrast, inhibition of histone acetyltransferases, particularly p300/CBP, in compressed HPdLF exposed to OA led to an inflammatory response comparable to compressed control cells. OA-dependent increased association of H3Kac to IL10 promoter regions in force-stressed HPdLF further strengthened the assumption that OA exhibits its anti-inflammatory properties via modulation of this epigenetic mark. In conclusion, our study strongly suggests that obesity-related hyperlipidemia affect the functions of PdL cells via alterations in their epigenetic code. Since epigenetic inhibitors are already widely used clinically, they may hold promise for novel approaches to limit obesity-related risks during OTM.

Enhancing excitons by oleic acid treatment in WS2, MoS2, and WS2/MoS2 heterostructure

The neutral and interlayer exciton originates from intralayer and interlayer coupling, respectively. Unlike neutral exciton, the interlayer excitons at room temperature are hard to observe and manipulate due to instability. In this work, we show the photoluminescence of WS$_2$ and MoS$_2$ neutral exciton can be improved by oleic acid passivation, allowing trion peaks to be observed at room temperature. More importantly, a 3-fold increase in peak intensity of interlayer excitons is achieved, and the energy peak is blue-shifted 107 meV. Our work paves the way to investigate excitons in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides monolayers and heterostructures at room temperature.

The effectiveness of the use of natural minerals of the Terbunskoye deposit and organic waste in the cultivation of rapeseed

The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of the effect of natural nanoporous minerals together with organic waste from poultry farms on the yield of spring rapeseed, qualitative analysis of seeds and obtained samples of rapeseed oil. The experiments were carried out in 2019-2021 in the experimental field of the Yelets State University named after I.A. Bunin. The object of the study was the Rif spring rape variety. The highest productivity was observed in the variants with the introduction of zeolite (3 t / ha) in combination with organic waste 5 t / ha and 10 t / ha, which amounted to 34.4 c / ha and 34.9 c / ha, respectively. These options provided the maximum gross yield of protein (9.74 c / ha and 9.95 c / ha) and oil (13.95 c / ha and 14.10 c / ha). A positive effect from the use of natural zeolite as a fertilizer on the accumulation of oleic acid in the obtained rapeseed oil samples has been established. Keywords: SPRING RAPE, ZEOLITES, ORGANIC WASTE, YIELD, OIL QUALITY

Proteomic and lipidomics analyses of high fatty acid AhDGAT3 transgenic soybean reveals the key lipase gene associated with the lipid internal mechanism

Vegetable oil is one of the most important components of human nutrition. Soybean (Glycine max) is an important oil crop worldwide and contains rich unsaturated fatty acids. Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) is a key rate-limiting enzyme in the Kennedy pathway from diacylglycerol (DAG) to triacylglycerol (TAG). In this study, we conducted further research using T3 AhDGAT3 transgenic soybean. A high-performance gas chromatography flame ionization detector showed that oleic acid (18:1) content and total fatty acid content of transgenic soybean were significantly higher than those of the wild type (WT). However, linoleic acid (18:2) was much lower than that in the WT. For further mechanistic studies, 20 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and 119 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) were identified between WT (JACK) and AhDGAT3 transgenic soybean mature seeds using proteomic and lipidomics analyses. Combined proteomic and lipidomics analyses showed that the upregulation of the key DEP (lipase GDSL domain-containing protein) in lipid transport and metabolic process induced an increase in the total fatty acid and 18:1 composition, but a decrease in the 18:2 composition of fatty acids. Our study provides new insights into the deep study of molecular mechanism underlying the enhancement of fatty acids in transgenic soybeans, especially oleic acid and total fatty acid, which are enhanced by over-expression of AhDGAT3.