scholarly journals Selection Indices for Simultaneous Selection for Pod Yield and Leafspot Resistance in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)1

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Iroume ◽  
D. A. Knauft
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Index Selection ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Yield Gain ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Disease Pressure

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of index selection for pod yield and leafspot resistance, causal organisms Cercospora arachidicola Hori and Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. and Curt.) Deighton, in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Eleven crosses were evaluated in the S1 and S2 generations under natural disease pressure for pod yield and disease reaction. Leafspot severity was measured by leaf necrotic area and defoliation. Variances for each trait and covariances between traits were estimated by progeny analysis. Economic weights assigned to the different characters were derived as the ratio of the pod yield for a genotype to the theoretical pod yield gain from leafspot resistance. Indices were constructed and their efficiency both as predictor of the breeding value and relative to individual selection for either trait was evaluated. Index selection for increased pod yield and reduced leafspot susceptibility was between 87% and 100% as efficient as direct selection for either trait. Combining several leafspot severity readings with pod yield did not improve the efficiency of the index. Fourteen to 17% of the breeding value of the population was accounted for by the traits combined in various indices. This indicated that there is potential for improvement of these indices.

scholarly journals Heritabilities and Correlations for Pod Yield and Leafspot Resistance in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.): Implications for Early Generation Selection1

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Iroume ◽  
D. A. Knauft
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Early Generation ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Selection For

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate early generation selection methods for the identification of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) crosses with combined high yield and disease resistance. Eleven crosses were chosen in the S1 on the basis of yield and disease reaction. The S2 was evaluated under natural disease infection for pod yield and leafspot resistance, causal organisms Cercospora arachidicola Hori and Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. and Curt.) Deighton. Resistance was measured by leaf necrotic area and defoliation. Narrow sense heritabilities for all the traits were estimated by sib analysis and regression of S2 plant performance on S1 plant performance. Genetic correlations among traits and the relative efficiency of indirect selection for all the traits were also computed. The results suggest that selection among crosses for all the traits would be advantageous in the S1 (h2f = 67 to 79%) as compared to individual plant selection (h2 = 16 to 26%) or within family selection (h2w = 3 to 5%). Selection of genotypes within crosses would be the poorest strategy in early generations. Negative genetic correlations were noted between yield and leafspot severity. The expected progress in increasing resistance of peanut genotypes through selection for yield (30 to 40% of the response from direct selection for resistance) indicated that selection for yield under disease pressure may be advantageous for developing high yielding, leafspot tolerant genotypes.

Control of Early and Late Leafspot on Two Peanut Cultivars1

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Shokes ◽  
D. W. Gorbet ◽  
L. F. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Cercosporidium Personatum ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
T1 And T2 ◽  
Disease Pressure

Abstract The effectiveness of four fungicides for control of Cercospora arachidicola Hori (CA) and Cercosporidium personatum (Berk and Curt.) Deighton (CP) on Arachis hypogaea L. ‘Florunner’ and ‘Early Bunch’ was evaluated in 1978 and 1979. Chlorothalonil (3.5 liters/ha) + flowable sulfur on a 10-day schedule (T1) gave the best control of both leafspots. Chlorothalonil alone (2.3 liters/ha) on a 14-day schedule (T2) provided better disease control and higher pod yields than three other fungicide treatments on both cultivars in 1979. With reduced disease pressure in 1980, triphenytin hydroxide + flowable sulfur and mancozeb + flowable sulfur were almost as effective as T1 and T2 in maintaining high pod yield on Florunner. Yields were significantly less both years on Early Bunch for all treatments other than T1 and T2. The incidence of CA leafspot was low both years and CP was the predominant leafspot pathogen. Significantly higher numbers of CP lesions were observed on Early Bunch than on Florunner at 70 and 90 days after planting (DAP) in 1979 and at 110 DAP in 1980. Numbers of CA lesions on the two cultivars were not significantly different. Average pod yields across fungicide treatments of the two cultivars were not significantly different in 1979 or 1980. Differences in disease levels and pod yields were greater among fungicide treatments than between cultivars.

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Cultivar Response to Leaf Spot Disease Development Under Four Disease Management Programs1

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Grichar ◽  
B. A. Besler ◽  
A. J. Jaks
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Yield Difference ◽  
Disease Pressure

Abstract Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) pod yield and response to early and late leaf spots [caused by Cercospora arachidicola S. Hori and Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. & M. A. Curtis) Deighton, respectively] were evaluated on six runner-type cultivars under four leaf spot spray programs using tebuconazole at 0.23 kg ai/ha and chlorothalonil at 1.26 kg ai/ha. The four leaf spot spray programs included unsprayed, 14-d schedule, 21-d schedule, and 28-d schedule. With the 14- and 21-d schedule, chlorothalonil was applied at the first and last applications with a maximum of four tebuconazole applications for the middle sprays. On the 28-d schedule, tebuconazole was applied four times. Under conditions of heavy leaf spot disease pressure where no fungicide was applied, Southern Runner and Georgia Browne were slightly less susceptible (although not significantly) to early or late leaf spot than Florunner, GK-7, Georgia Runner, or Sunrunner. Less leaf spot was present in the 14-d schedule compared to 21- or 28-d schedules. Although there was no yield difference between the 14-, 21-, or 28-d schedules, the plots sprayed on a 14-d schedule yielded 43% more than the unsprayed. When averaged across all spray schedules, Georgia Browne yielded 15% more peanuts than Georgia Runner.

scholarly journals Eclipta (Eclipta prostrata L.) Control in Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.)1

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. V. Altom ◽  
R. B. Westerman ◽  
D. S. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Butanoic Acid ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Eclipta Prostrata ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Sequential Treatments

Abstract Field experiments were conducted from 1991 to 1993 to evaluate eclipta, Eclipta prostrata L., control and peanut, Arachis hypogaea L., response to herbicide treatments. Fomesafen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoro-methyl)phenoxy]-N-(methylsulfonyl)-2-nitrobenzamide} applied at cracking was the only preemergence-applied herbicide which provided season-long control (>84%). Herbicides applied postemergence were more effective when the eclipta was less than 5 cm in height. The most consistent early postemergence treatments were bromoxynil (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile), bentazon [3-(1-methylethyl)-(1H)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazm-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide], and bentazon + acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid} + 2,4-DB [4-(2,4-dichloro-phenoxy)butanoic acid]. Various other early postemergence followed by late postemergence sequential treatments also were equally effective. Minor peanut injury was observed at the early season rating from several herbicides; however, all injury had disappeared by the late season rating. Eclipta control did not consistently improve peanut pod yield.

scholarly journals Response of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) to Lime and Different Levels of Sulphur

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 585-589
Author(s):  
Imnatemjen Aier ◽  
◽  
D. Nongmaithem ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Stover Yield ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Kernel Yield ◽  
Plot Design

A field experiment was conducted in the Experimental Research Farm of School of Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development (SASRD), Nagaland University during the kharif season 2018. Groundnut variety ICGS-76 was sown @ 70 kg ha-1 for 60×20 cm2 spacing. The experiment was laid in split plot design with three replications. The main plot treatments consisted of two lime levels: lime @ 0 t ha-1 and lime @ 3 t ha-1 while the sub- plot treatments consisted of five sulphur levels: sulphur @ (0 kg ha-1, 10 kg ha-1, 20 kg ha-1, 30 kg ha-1 and 40 kg ha-1 along with recommended dose of fertilizer at 20:60:40 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1 respectively in the form of diammonium phosphate and murate of potash. The results showed that application of lime @ 3 t ha-1 gave higher growth and yield attributes compared to no lime and also application of sulphur @ 40 kg ha-1 gave higher growth and yield attributes compared to lower doses of sulphur though there was only slight increase in the attributes between each successive doses of sulphur. Overall application of lime and sulphur increased all the yield attributes of groundnut, where the highest number of pods plant-1, seeds pod-1, 100 kernels weight, pod yield, kernel yield and stover yield were recorded when treatment was done with lime @ 3 t ha1 and sulphur @ 40 kg ha-1.

Partial resistance of Southern Runner, Arachis hypogaea, to stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii1

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. B. Brenneman ◽  
W. D. Branch ◽  
A. S. Csinos
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Disease Loci

Abstract The susceptibility of 16 peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes (eight Virginia and eight runner types) to southern stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) was evaluated in field tests over three years. Mean disease incidence for all cultivars was 10.0, 15.4 and 16.4 disease loci per 12.2 m row and average yields were 3488, 2826 and 3569 kg/ha in 1986, 1987 and 1988, respectively. Disease incidence averaged 14.3 disease loci per 12.2 m of row for both market types. The mean yield for the eight Virginia types was 3287 kg/ha versus 3214 for the eight runner types. Culitvars within market types varied significantly in disease incidence and pod yield. Of the Virginia types, NC 6 and Florigiant were the most susceptible with NC 9, VA 81B and Early Bunch being the most resistant. Incidence of stem rot in runner cultivars was high except for Southern Runner and Langley which had about 50% less disease than the most susceptible entries. There was a highly significant correlation (P≤0.01) between yields and disease incidence all three years. Overall, Southern Runner had the lowest disease incidence and highest pod yield of any cultivar. Compared to Florunner, the current industry standard for runner types, Southern Runner had about 50% less disease and yields were 1346 kg/ha higher.

scholarly journals Reaction of Select Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Lines to Southern Stem Rot and Pythium Pod Rot Under Varied Disease Pressure

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. D. Smith ◽  
T. E. Boswell ◽  
W. J. Grichar ◽  
C. E. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Resistant Parent ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Considerable Resistance ◽  
Disease Pressure

Abstract Eight breeding lines, three parents, and the cultivar Florunner were compared under two levels of disease pressure induced by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc., or Pythium myriotylum Drechs. at each of two locations for three years to ascertain the effectiveness of the host plant resistance to each pathogen. Varied disease pressures were created by application of fungicides and supplement of fungal inoculum. Mean Florunner pod yields varied more than 1000 kg/ha as a result of the S. rolfsii treatments but the yields of the resistant TxAG-3 were not affected. Disease incidence, as measured by frequency of S. rolfsii infection sites and diseased pods, was much higher for Florunner than TxAG-3. Breeding lines for which TxAG-3 was a parent sustained significant yield reductions. The disease incidence in these lines was higher than the resistant parent, equal or less than Tamnut 74, their other parent, and less than Florunner. The grades of TxAG-3 and its derivatives were lower than Florunner. Pod rot incidence differed for the P. myriotylum treatments but pod yields were not different. TxAG-3 and Toalson sustained less pod disease than Florunner and Tamnut 74. The percent of diseased pod tissue for one derivative of Toalson was lower than Toalson and TxAG-3, and that of one TxAG-3 derivative was equal to its best parent. The breeding lines varied in reaction to the two diseases and some lines showed considerable resistance to both organisms.

Optimizing crop geometry and nutrient management for yield, water productivity and economics of kharif groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekta Joshi ◽  
D.S. Sasode ◽  
R.S. Sikarwar ◽  
Varsha Gupta ◽  
B.S. Kasana
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Crop Geometry ◽  
Plot Design

An experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2016 and 2017 at College of Agriculture, Gwalior. To optimise plant population and fertility levels an experiment was laid out in split plot design, replicated thrice in fixed plots and the test variety of the crop groundnut (Mallika) was used. The plant geometry of 30 × 10 cm, 25 × 10 cm and 20 × 10 cm was adopted with three fertility levels as 75, 100 and 125% recommended dose of fertilizers. The yield and economics were increased by optimization of plant geometry and nutrient management under kharif groundnut. Sowing of crop at 30×10 cm spacing resulted in 7.3 and 4.3 % higher pod yield over 25×10 cm and 20×10 cm spacing, respectively and 3.0 % higher haulm yield over 25×10 cm. Similarly, application of 125% RDF resulted in 3.0 and 9.3 % higher pod yield over 100% RDF and 75% RDF, respectively but application of 100% RDF resulted in 18.6% higher haulm yield over 75% RDF and was at par with 125 % RDF application. The highest gross, net returns and B:C ratio was obtained at the spacing of 30×10 cm with 125% RDF.

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