Antibody responses and reactions to the whole cell pertussis component of a combined diphtheria/tetanus/pertussis vaccine given at school entry

ABSTRACTBordetella pertussisfimbriae (Fim2 and Fim3) are components of a five-component acellular pertussis vaccine (diphtheria–tetanus–acellular pertussis vaccine [DTaP5]), and antibody responses to fimbriae have been associated with protection. We analyzed the IgG responses to individual Fim2 and Fim3 in sera remaining from a Swedish placebo-controlled efficacy trial that compared a whole-cell vaccine (diphtheria-tetanus-whole-cell pertussis vaccine [DTwP]), a two-component acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP2), and DTaP5. One month following three doses of the Fim-containing vaccines (DTwP or DTaP5), anti-Fim2 geometric mean IgG concentrations were higher than those for anti-Fim3, with a greater anti-Fim2/anti-Fim3 IgG ratio elicited by DTaP5. We also determined the responses in vaccinated children following an episode of pertussis. Those who received DTaP5 showed a large rise in anti-Fim2 IgG, reflecting the predominant Fim2 serotype at the time. In contrast, those who received DTwP showed an equal rise in anti-Fim2 and anti-Fim3 IgG concentrations, indicating that DTwP may provide a more efficient priming effect for a Fim3 response following contact withB. pertussis. Anti-Fim2 and anti-Fim3 IgG concentrations were also determined in samples from two seroprevalence studies conducted in Sweden in 1997, when no pertussis vaccine was used and Fim2 isolates predominated, and in 2007, when either DTaP2 or DTaP3 without fimbriae was used and Fim3 isolates predominated. Very similar distributions of anti-Fim2 and anti-Fim3 IgG concentrations were obtained in 1997 and 2007, except that anti-Fim3 concentrations in 1997 were lower. This observation, together with the numbers of individuals with both anti-Fim2 and anti-Fim3 IgG concentrations, strongly suggests thatB. pertussisexpresses both Fim2 and Fim3 during infection.

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A nasal whole-cell pertussis vaccine can induce strong systemic and mucosal antibody responses which are not enhanced by cholera toxin

Vaccine ◽

10.1016/s0264-410x(97)00064-9 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 15 (12-13) ◽

pp. 1473-1478 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Aud Katrine Herland Berstad ◽

Johan Holst ◽

Bente Møgster ◽

Inger Lise Haugen ◽

Bjørn Haneberg

Keyword(s):

Cholera Toxin ◽

Pertussis Vaccine ◽

Antibody Responses ◽

Whole Cell ◽

Mucosal Antibody

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Long-term human serum antibody responses after immunization with whole-cell pertussis vaccine in France.

Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology ◽

10.1128/cdli.3.1.93-97.1996 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 93-97 ◽

Cited By ~ 72

Author(s):

E Grimprel ◽

P Bégué ◽

I Anjak ◽

E Njamkepo ◽

P François ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Serum ◽

Pertussis Vaccine ◽

Serum Antibody ◽

Antibody Responses ◽

Whole Cell

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Differences in Antibody Response to Whole-Cell Pertussis Vaccines

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.88.5.1019 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 88 (5) ◽

pp. 1019-1023

Author(s):

Kathryn M. Edwards ◽

Michael D. Decker ◽

Neal A. Halsey ◽

Beryl A. Koblin ◽

Timothy Townsend ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Pertussis Vaccine ◽

Pertussis Toxin ◽

Fold Increase ◽

The United States ◽

Acellular Pertussis Vaccine ◽

Antibody Responses ◽

Data Sets ◽

Whole Cell ◽

To Receive

It has been assumed that whole-cell pertussis vaccines (WCVs) commercially distributed in the United States are of comparable immunogenicity, as all must comply with established standards for licensure. However, we have recently noted significant differences in antibody responses between groups of infants receiving the two WCVs commercially available in the United States. In separate studies performed concurrently under similar protocols at Vanderbilt and Johns Hopkins universities, infants were randomized to receive either an acellular pertussis vaccine or WCV. The acellular pertussis vaccine used at the two sites was identical, but the WCVs were from different manufacturers. Antibody responses to acellular pertussis vaccine did not differ between the two studies; responses to WCV differed dramatically, with infants receiving the Lederle WCV producing a 46-fold increase in antibody to pertussis toxin, compared with a 2.4-fold increase for infants receiving the Connaught WCV (P = .00003). Evaluation of other comparative data sets that were available provided further support for the conclusion that the two commercially available WCVs consistently differed in their ability to induce antibody to pertussis toxin. These findings have important implications for the design and interpretation of clinical trials comparing acellular and WCV products.

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Collaborative Study on Test Systems to Assess Toxicity of Whole Cell Pertussis Vaccine

Biologicals ◽

10.1006/biol.1996.0059 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 41-57 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Ineke van Straaten-van de Kappelle ◽

Johan W. van der Gun ◽

Frits R. Marsman ◽

Coenraad F.M. Hendriksen ◽

Huib J.M. van de Donk

Keyword(s):

Pertussis Vaccine ◽

Collaborative Study ◽

Whole Cell ◽

Test Systems

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Safety of combined oligosaccharide conjugate Haemophilus influenzae type b (HbOC) and whole cell diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-pertussis vaccine in infancy

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal ◽

10.1097/00006454-199312000-00003 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 981-985 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

STEVEN B. BLACK ◽

HENRY R. SHINEFIELD ◽

PAULA RAY ◽

EDWIN M. LEWIS ◽

BRUCE FIREMAN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Haemophilus Influenzae ◽

Pertussis Vaccine ◽

Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽

Haemophilus Influenzae Type B ◽

Type B ◽

Whole Cell

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Primary Immunization of Infants With an Acellular Pertussis Vaccine in a Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.82.3.293 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 82 (3) ◽

pp. 293-299

Author(s):

Margareta Blennow ◽

Marta Granström ◽

Eva Jäätmaa ◽

Patrick Olin

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Randomized Clinical Trial ◽

Pertussis Vaccine ◽

Acellular Pertussis Vaccine ◽

Cell Vaccine ◽

Primary Immunization ◽

Double Blind ◽

Whole Cell ◽

Whole Cell Vaccine ◽

Acellular Vaccine

The rate of adverse reactions and the immunogenicity of a two-component acellular pertussis vaccine as compared with a plain whole-cell vaccine and a placebo were evaluated for primary immunization in 319 6-month-old infants in a double-blind randomized clinical trial. The acellular vaccine produced few and mild systemic and local reactions. Fever (≥38°C) occurred in 6% to 8% of acellular vaccinees as opposed to 25% to 37% of whole-cell vaccinees. Redness (≥1 cm) appeared in 2% to 13% of the acellular vaccine and 24% to 32% of the whole-cell vaccine recipients. Antibody response to pertussis toxin measured in a neutralization test was obtained in 97% to 100% of the infants receiving either two or three doses of the acellular vaccine as compared to 59% after three doses of whole-cell vaccine.

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Pertussis

10.33442/vt2021311 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Carl Heinz Wirsing von König

Keyword(s):

Whooping Cough ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Newborn Infants ◽

School Entry ◽

Whole Cell ◽

Young Infants ◽

Combination Vaccines ◽

Adolescents And Adults ◽

Second Year ◽

Acellular Vaccines

The bacterium Bordetella pertussis causes disease by producing various virulence and adhesion factors, among them pertussis toxin (PT), filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), pertactin (PRN) and agglutinogens (Agg), also called fimbriae (FIM) "Typical" pertussis or whooping cough starts with unspecific respiratory symptoms (catarrhal phase) followed by severe coughing spasms with whoops and vomiting (paroxysmal phase) and only after weeks or months disease severity slowly wanes (convalescent phase). "Atypical pertussis" with unspecific, long-lasting coughing episodes is seen in adolescents and adults; very young infants may die from apnoea. B. pertussis is transmitted by droplets, and neither infection nor vaccination produce long lasting protection. Macrolide antibiotics are given to patients and their contacts to reduce spread of the organism; however, antibiotics do NOT change the duration or course of the disease once symptoms are present. Whole cell pertussis vaccines (wP) consist of whole inactivated B. pertussis-cells, whereas acellular vaccines (aP) consist of one to five single components like PT, FHA, PRN or FIM. Pertussis vaccines are currently only available as combination vaccines with tetanus und diphtheria (DTP). Among these are DTwP; DTaP; TdaP; and various DTP-combinations with Hib, IPV, HBV vaccines. Whole cell pertussis (DTwP) combination vaccines are more reactogenic, whereas DTaP vaccines are generally well tolerated. Some DTwP had good efficacy/effectiveness (90%), it was low (40%) with others. Vaccine efficacy of DTaP vaccines ranges between 70% and 90%. As with most vaccines, efficiency is higher for severe disease. While pertussis vaccines did control clinical disease, protection is limited. Vaccination is recommended for all infants (three doses) worldwide with a booster in the second year of life. Many countries give additional doses at school entry and in adolescents, and some to adults. Vaccination of pregnant women effectively protects newborn infants and is increasingly recommended.

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