Uncontrolled pain following physical injury as the core-trauma in post-traumatic stress disorder

Pain ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Schreiber ◽  
T. Galai-Gat
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Physical Injury ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
The Core ◽  
Post Traumatic

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Some Diagnostic and Clinical Issues

1989 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Creamer
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Startle Response ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Clinical Issues ◽  
The Core ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Multiple Homicide ◽  
New Criteria

The development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a group of 42 individuals exposed to a multiple homicide was examined. A comparison of DSM-III and DSM-III-R indicated that 74% qualified for a diagnosis of PTSD using DSM-Ill, but only 33% met the criteria outlined in DSM-III-R. The most commonly reported symptoms were found to be intrusive recollections of the event and exaggerated startle response. In general, those symptoms that are new additions in the revised version were the least frequently reported, whilst guilt, which has been excluded from DSM-III-R, was experienced by 38% of the sample. It is suggested that the new criteria may not cluster with the core syndrome of PTSD.

scholarly journals Sensitive Soul: The Unseen Role of Emotion in Extraordinary States by Michael A. Jawer

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-416
Author(s):  
Robert Bobrow
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Emotional Sensitivity ◽  
The Core ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Moment

Strong emotions underlie many telepathic events. Brain waves, the basis for electroencephalography, were discovered by Dr. Hans Berger after he suffered a serious accident and his sister, hundreds of miles away, who could not have known about this sent a telegram to ask if he was okay. Attempting to figure out how this could have happened, Dr. Berger ultimately recorded the first brain electrical activity, from his son. Similarly, a wife bolts upright from a deep sleep the moment her husband is killed in battle, on another continent. A murder victim’s life is later remembered by a child, unrelated and totally removed from the event. A lecturer suddenly experiences a pain in his knee so severe that he cannot continue his talk; simultaneously, it turns out, his twin brother has been hit in the leg by a car.             Emotions are instinctive and form the core of human nature. Michael A. Jawer, the author of Sensitive Soul, sees them as a “fundamental binding source” that connects humanity and makes the world turn. He applies this thesis to a wide range of medical and paranormal topics. Post-traumatic stress disorder is seen as an emotional sensitivity rather than a pathology. Migraines can be precipitated by emotions. Autism is seen as an engulfing and terrifying bombardment of the senses. Emotional stress may modify genes, via epigenetics, allowing transmission of fear across generations.

scholarly journals Intrusive re-experiencing of chronic strife or war

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. N. Schreuder ◽  
V. Igreja ◽  
J. van Dijk ◽  
W. Kleijn
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
The Core ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Core Symptoms

The most important psychiatric implication of experiencing trauma during war is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The core symptoms of PTSD are intrusive re-experiencing of traumatic events, hyperarousal in reaction to minor stimuli and avoidance of trauma-related triggers. In this paper we describe the phenomenon of intrusive reexperiencing, of which the post-traumatic nightmare (PTNM) is an impressive manifestation that causes considerable distress (Mellman et al, 1995; Schreuder, 1996; Ørner & de Loos, 1998; Schreuder et al, 1998).

Cracking the EMDR code: Recruitment of sensory, memory and emotional networks during bilateral alternating auditory stimulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 818-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-François Rousseau ◽  
Sarah Boukezzi ◽  
René Garcia ◽  
Thierry Chaminade ◽  
Stéphanie Khalfa
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Conditioned Fear ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Fear Extinction ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
The Core ◽  
Post Traumatic

Introduction: The inability to extinguish a conditioned fear is thought to be at the core of post-traumatic stress disorder. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy has been efficacious for post-traumatic stress disorder, but the brain mechanisms underlying the effect are still unknown. The core effect of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy seems to rely on the simultaneous association of bilateral alternating stimulation and the recall of the traumatic memory. To shed light on how eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy functions, we aimed to highlight the structures activated by bilateral alternating stimulation during fear extinction and its recall. Methods: We included 38 healthy participants in this study. Participants were examined twice in functional magnetic resonance imaging, over 2 consecutive days. On the first day, they performed two fear conditioning and extinction procedures, one with and one without the bilateral alternating stimulation during the fear extinction learning phase in a counter-balanced order across the participants. On the second day, participants completed the fear extinction recall procedure, in the same order as the previous day. Statistical significance of maps was set at p < 0.05 after correction for family-wise error at the cluster level. Results: The analysis revealed significant activation with versus without bilateral alternating stimulation at the early extinction in the bilateral auditory areas, the right precuneus, and the left medial frontal gyrus. The same pattern was found in the early recall on the second day. The connectivity analysis found a significant increase in connectivity during bilateral alternating stimulation versus without bilateral alternating stimulation in the early extinction and recall between the two superior temporal gyri, the precuneus, the middle frontal gyrus and a set of structures involved in multisensory integration, executive control, emotional processing, salience and memory. Conclusion: We show for the first time that in the eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy the bilateral alternating stimulation is not a simple sensory signal and can activate large emotional neural networks.

Psychological Consequences of the Enniskillen Bombing

1990 ◽  
Vol 156 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Curran ◽  
P. Bell ◽  
A. Murray ◽  
G. Loughrey ◽  
R. Roddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Psychological Injury ◽  
Physical Injury ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
One Year

Eleven people were killed and 60 injured in the Enniskillen bombing of November 1987. Survivors were psychologically appraised six months and one year later. At six months 50% had developed post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This group comprised more females than males. However, all victims had high scores on the GHQ. We found no correlation between psychological injury (as measured by the GHQ) and physical injury (as measured by the ISS), calling into question previous assertions.

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