Degeneration and Entropy

Lakatos’s analysis of progress and degeneration in the Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes is well-known. Less known, however, are his thoughts on degeneration in Proofs and Refutations. I propose and motivate two new criteria for degeneration based on the discussion in Proofs and Refutations – superfluity and authoritarianism. I show how these criteria augment the account in Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes, providing a generalized Lakatosian account of progress and degeneration. I then apply this generalized account to a key transition point in the history of entropy – the transition to an information-theoretic interpretation of entropy – by assessing Jaynes’s 1957 paper on information theory and statistical mechanics.

On the choice of criteria for the effectiveness of gas-vortex stabilization of plasma torches

A rationale of the principles of evaluating the effectiveness of gas-vortex stabilization of plasma torches has been provided. Taking into account the new possibilities of numerical modeling methods, new criteria have been introduced, their application allows both the developing of new gas-vortex stabilization methods and their using for evaluating the results of plasma equipment designing.

New criteria for dissipativity analysis of Caputo fractional-order neural networks with non-differentiable time-varying delays

In this article, we investigate the delay-dependent and order-dependent dissipativity analysis for a class of Caputo fractional-order neural networks (FONNs) subject to time-varying delays. By employing the Razumikhin fractional-order (RFO) approach combined with linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) techniques, a new sufficient condition is derived to guarantee that the considered fractional-order is strictly (Q, S, R) − γ − dissipativity. The condition is presented via LMIs and can be efficiently checked. Two numerical examples and simulation results are finally provided to express the effectiveness of the obtained results.

Practical stability for fractional impulsive control systems with noninstantaneous impulses on networks

This paper investigates practical stability for a class of fractional-order impulsive control coupled systems with noninstantaneous impulses on networks. Using graph theory and Lyapunov method, new criteria for practical stability, uniform practical stability as well as practical asymptotic stability are established. In this paper, we extend graph theory to fractional-order system via piecewise Lyapunov-like functions in each vertex system to construct global Lyapunov-like functions. Our results are generalization of some known results of practical stability in the literature and provide a new method of impulsive control law for impulsive control systems with noninstantaneous impulses. Examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of our results

Pengambilan Keputusan Menggunakan Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) pada Pemilihan Pemasok Produk Lampu

This study aims to determine the best supplier for in-Lite lighting products. The company chose criteria and sub-criteria in supplier selection to optimize product sales continuity. This study used the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, which provided information about the criteria, sub-criteria, and alternatives in the selection of three suppliers: A, B, and C. The existence of priority weights provided a decision in choosing the supplier of the lighting product. The new criteria and sub-criteria were the results of the literature study formulation and then adjusted again with the results of the interview. Seven criteria were determined in this study: production, price, quality, site selection, product suitability, delivery, and service. The results of the calculation of the priority weights of the criteria, sub-criteria, and alternative selection using a questionnaire. The parties involved in the selection of suppliers filled out the questionnaire to obtain a weight for each supplier. Based on the results of AHP calculations, supplier A got the highest weight of 0,442 or 44%, so this supplier is used as a company priority in choosing suppliers for in-Lite type lighting products.

Spectra inhabiting the left half-plane that are universally realizable

Let Λ = {λ1, λ2, . . ., λ n } be a list of complex numbers. Λ is said to be realizable if it is the spectrum of an entrywise nonnegative matrix. Λ is universally realizable if it is realizable for each possible Jordan canonical form allowed by Λ. Minc ([21],1981) showed that if Λ is diagonalizably positively realizable, then Λ is universally realizable. The positivity condition is essential for the proof of Minc, and the question whether the result holds for nonnegative realizations has been open for almost forty years. Recently, two extensions of the Minc’s result have been proved in ([5], 2018) and ([12], 2020). In this work we characterize new left half-plane lists (λ1 > 0, Re λ i ≤ 0, i = 2, . . ., n) no positively realizable, which are universally realizable. We also show new criteria which allow to decide about the universal realizability of more general lists, extending in this way some previous results.

How the Uruk Potters Used the Wheel. New Data on Modalities and Conditions of Emergence of the Potter’s Wheel in the Uruk World

The phase and the ceramic materials that, in Southern Mesopotamia, go under the label of “Uruk” (after the toponym of the site in southern Iraq) have traditionally been considered the origin for the development of the potter’s wheel in the Near East, according to a perspective that associated the emergence of the potter’s wheel, the “mass” production of the so-called bevelled-rim bowls and first urbanization. According to recent excavations and ceramic studies it is now clear that this was a narrative based on a priori convictions. However, even if under very different socio-technical conditions, it is true that the potter’s wheel made an early appearance in Southern Mesopotamia within the Uruk cultural sphere, and then developed in a widespread and discontinuous way in the Uruk network. Based on recent ongoing fieldwork data from Syria (Tell Feres) and Iraqi Kurdistan (Logardan and Girdi Qala), ceramic analyses have taken into account new criteria to identify the use of the potter’s wheel. This paper outlines the chronological and socio-technical scenario behind the adoption of the potter’s wheel in the Uruk world, picturing the peculiarities of this cultural environment, as well as the parallels with the emergence conditions of the potter’s wheel in northern Mesopotamia and other areas of the Near East.

Conceptual foundations of the international cooperation effectiveness in the context of the geoeconomic space digital transformations

Introduction. The work is devoted to the formation of new conceptual criteria for the effectiveness of international cooperation in the context of the geo-economic space digital transformations. The introduction spells out the general content of the modern geo-economic space and stipulates the need for a conceptually new approach to determining the effectiveness of interaction in this space. Theoretical analysis reveals the methodology for studying synergetic efficiency, substantiates the parameters of synergistic efficiency. Empirical analysis. The real events of the modern geo-economic space, which set the vector of synergetic efficiency of international interaction, are analyzed. Results. The content of a new geo-economic space in the context of digital transformations is disclosed. The features of international cooperation are revealed, which, due to the blurring of national borders, goes into the supranational level of interaction. The irrelevance of classical and traditional approaches to substantiating the effectiveness of cooperation in new conditions is shown, which necessitates the development of conceptually new criteria.