Identification of pathological conditions in human skeletal remains

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-228
Author(s):  
Keith Manchester
Author(s):  
Nicole A. Jastremski ◽  
Alejandra Sánchez-Polo

There is very little published literature regarding pre-Columbian burial practices that include human skeletal remains of the Napo culture (A.D. 1188–1480) in the western Amazon. Due to poor bone preservation and a history of looting practices, bioarchaeologists have rarely been able to collect, analyze, and interpret skeletal remains. Here, we provide the initial publication of a human skeleton from the Ecuadorian Amazon belonging to the Napo culture, preserved in a funerary urn acquired by the Museo de Arte Precolombino Casa del Alabado in Quito, Ecuador. This partial adult skeleton, radiocarbon dated to cal A.D. 1021–1155, consists primarily of broken long bones that indicate a robust individual with a height range of 160–170 cm. Although no trauma was observed, pathological conditions including cysts and likely Osgood-Schlatter’s disease were present and robust muscle insertions were noted. Taphonomic damage from termite osteophagy was inferred by the presence of round bore holes, cavities, tunneling, and cortical etching on the humerus, femur, and tibia. The urn itself is an anthropomorphic polychrome vessel that opens at the bottom, with six equally spaced holes to facilitate closure. The urn burial is similar to those of other Amazonian Polychrome Tradition cultures located to the east in Brazil.   Las prácticas funerarias precolombinas que incluyen restos humanos esqueléticos de la cultura Napo (1188–1480 D.C.), en el oeste de la Amazonía, han sido escasamente dadas a conocer en la literatura arqueológica. Debido a la pobre preservación de los huesos en ese medio y a una dilatada trayectoria de huaquerismo, desde la bioarqueología no ha sido posible recoger, analizar e interpretar restos humanos. Este artículo trata de solventar este vacío al atender desde una perspectiva bioarqueológica los restos óseos humanos provenientes de la Amazonía ecuatoriana pertenecientes a la cultura Napo, preservados en una urna funeraria que se conserva en el Museo de Arte Precolombino Casa del Alabado en Quito, Ecuador. Por un lado, este esqueleto parcial del que se conservan huesos largos fragmentados de un adulto fue datado mediante técnicas radiométricas entre 1021 y 1155 cal D.C.Habría sido una persona robusta, con una altura que oscilaría entre los 160 y 170 cm. Aunque no se ha observado ningún traumatismo, las patologías registradas incluyen quistes, como los debidos a la enfermedad de Osgood-Schlatter, e inserciones musculares robustas. Entre las afecciones tafonómicas más relevantes, se han apreciado las causadas por osteofagia de termitas, las cuales se infieren por la presencia de perforaciones redondas, cavidades, túneles y decapado cortical en húmero, fémur y tibia. Por otro lado, la urna es un ejemplar antropomorfo policromado de apertura basal con seis orificios espaciados que ayudaban a cerrarla. El entierro en urna es similar a aquellos otros de las culturas de la Tradición Polícroma Amazónica localizadas al este en Brasil.


2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marin A Pilloud ◽  
J.P Fancher

The term oral health is regularly used in bioarchaeological research to discuss a myriad of pathological conditions of the oral cavity. However, there is very little consensus on what conditions should be included in such a study, and some of the conditions are at odds with those in the clinical literature.  In this manuscript, we outline the clinical definition of oral health and develop a strategy in which bioarchaeology can address this type of research.  We argue that the terms dental disease and/or pathological conditions of the oral cavity should be used in lieu of oral health.  Various conditions that can be included in such research are outlined.  Finally, definitions, clinical etiologies, and recording schema for these conditions are discussed as relevant to bioarchaeological studies.


Author(s):  
Aaron R. Woods ◽  
Ryan P. Harrod

This chapter features a bioarchaeological examination of traumatic injuries and pathological conditions on human skeletal remains from the Fremont and Virgin Branch Puebloan cultures of the pre-contact American Great Basin and Southwest. This study indicates that there were differences across the borders of these regions, which share a boundary along the southern portions of Utah and Nevada. The Fremont and Puebloan borders considered in this chapter include the boundary between Parowan Valley and the St. George Basin, and the Canyons of the Escalante River and the Kaiparowits Plateau, all in the state of Utah. Additional Ancestral Puebloan bioarchaeological data will be discussed from southern Nevada to help illustrate differences between Fremont and Ancestral Puebloan skeletons. The skeletal evidence allows us to infer that the borders between the Fremont and Virgin Branch Puebloans and the Fremont and the Kayenta Puebloans were very distinct, and results demonstrated that there was a much higher rate of trauma and pathology among the Fremont.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document