Some limitations and principles of nanosecond time measurement in nuclear physics

1958 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. de Waard
2013 ◽  
Vol 816-817 ◽  
pp. 1063-1068
Author(s):  
Rou Gang Zhou ◽  
Yun Fei Zhou ◽  
Guang Dou Liu ◽  
Xiao Tu

Currently the time to digital converter (TDC) integrated in FPGA performs time-to-digital conversion in the carry chain mode and inter-slot offset is caused to be severe by internal wiring in the FPGA. Based on the carry chain interpolation method, this paper proposes the method for using a delay module in FPGA to achieve accurate signal delay. By calculating the phase difference of multi-clock signal between two latch sampling points, the interval between two sampling points was obtained. Experimental results indicate a measurement accuracy of 78ps or 52ps can be reached by precisely collecting time through the delay module in FPGA. Compared to the carry chain interpolation method, this method is significantly advantageous in small inter-slot offset, stable performance and convenient design and can meet the requirement for time measurement or requirement by laser interferometer with a nm-level accuracy in nuclear physics.


1976 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 169-182
Author(s):  
B. Kuchowicz

SummaryIsotopic shifts in the lines of the heavy elements in Ap stars, and the characteristic abundance pattern of these elements point to the fact that we are observing mainly the products of rapid neutron capture. The peculiar A stars may be treated as the show windows for the products of a recent r-process in their neighbourhood. This process can be located either in Supernovae exploding in a binary system in which the present Ap stars were secondaries, or in Supernovae exploding in young clusters. Secondary processes, e.g. spontaneous fission or nuclear reactions with highly abundant fission products, may occur further with the r-processed material in the surface of the Ap stars. The role of these stars to the theory of nucleosynthesis and to nuclear physics is emphasized.


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