Holmquist–Johnson–Cook constitutive model has been widely used in analyzing the dynamic responses of concrete-like materials under projectile impact and explosive loadings, the constitutive parameters of which were always referred from the original documents and only applied to the normal strength concrete with the compressive strength of 48 MPa. Aiming to confirm the Holmquist–Johnson–Cook model parameters for high-strength concrete-like materials (compressive strength ≥60 MPa), based on the available test data from the quasi-static uniaxial compression, triaxial compression, Split-Hopkinson pressure bar, as well as the Hugoniot experiments, the strength parameters, the strain rate parameter, and the equation of state parameters of Holmquist–Johnson–Cook model for high-strength concrete-like materials are determined. Using the finite element program LS-DYNA, total eight sets of projectile penetration and perforation tests on high-strength concrete (uniaxial compressive strengths of 67.5–157 MPa) and high-strength rock targets (uniaxial compressive strengths of 60 and 154 MPa) are numerically simulated, respectively. By comparisons with the test data of penetration depths and residual velocities of the projectiles, the verifications of the proposed parameters are validated, which provides the reference for the design of protective structures.