Geochemical study of granites from Chinmen (Quemoy) and Hong Kong, southeastern China

1992 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Min Sun ◽  
Ju-Chin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Southeastern China ◽  
Geochemical Study

scholarly journals H9N2 Influenza Viruses Possessing H5N1-Like Internal Genomes Continue To Circulate in Poultry in Southeastern China

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (20) ◽  
pp. 9372-9380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Guan ◽  
K. F. Shortridge ◽  
S. Krauss ◽  
P. S. Chin ◽  
K. C. Dyrting ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Southeastern China ◽  
New Host ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Hong Kong Sar ◽  
Serological Studies ◽  
Live Poultry ◽  
Reassortant Viruses

ABSTRACT The transmission of H9N2 influenza viruses to humans and the realization that the A/Hong Kong/156/97-like (H5N1) (abbreviated HK/156/97) genome complex may be present in H9N2 viruses in southeastern China necessitated a study of the distribution and characterization of H9N2 viruses in poultry in the Hong Kong SAR in 1999. Serological studies indicated that H9N2 influenza viruses had infected a high proportion of chickens and other land-based birds (pigeon, pheasant, quail, guinea fowl, and chukka) from southeastern China. Two lineages of H9N2 influenza viruses present in the live-poultry markets were represented by A/Quail/Hong Kong/G1/97 (Qa/HK/G1/97)-like and A/Duck/Hong Kong/Y280/97 (Dk/HK/Y280/97)-like viruses. Up to 16% of cages of quail in the poultry markets contained Qa/HK/G1/97-like viruses, while about 5% of cages of other land-based birds were infected with Dk/HK/Y280/97-like viruses. No reassortant between the two H9N2 virus lineages was detected despite their cocirculation in the poultry markets. Reassortant viruses represented by A/Chicken/Hong Kong/G9/97 (H9N2) were the major H9N2 influenza viruses circulating in the Hong Kong markets in 1997 but have not been detected since the chicken slaughter in 1997. The Qa/HK/G1/97-like viruses were frequently isolated from quail, while Dk/HK/Y280/97-like viruses were predominately associated with chickens. The Qa/HK/G1/97-like viruses were evolving relatively rapidly, especially in their PB2, HA, NP, and NA genes, suggesting that they are in the process of adapting to a new host. Experimental studies showed that both H9N2 lineages were primarily spread by the aerosol route and that neither quail nor chickens showed evidence of disease. The high prevalence of quail infected with Qa/HK/G1/97-like virus that contains six gene segments genetically highly related to HK/156/97 (H5N1) virus emphasizes the need for surveillance of mammals including humans.

Revision of the Timasius chinai species group (Insecta: Heteroptera: Hebridae), with descriptions of ten new species

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Zettel
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
New Species ◽  
First Record ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Malay Peninsula ◽  
Southeastern China ◽  
Northern Thailand ◽  
External Characteristics ◽  
Asian Mainland ◽  
Northeastern Thailand

AbstractThe Timasius chinai species group is redefined and taxonomically revised. Twelve species are distributed on the Asian mainland from northeastern India to southeastern China and to the Malay Peninsula, on Tioman Island, and on Java. The two earlier described species, T. chinai (Lundblad, 1933) (from Indonesia: Java) and T. miyamotoi Andersen, 1981 (from Thailand and China; first record from Laos), are redescribed. Ten new species are described: Timasius anderseni sp.n. (from Vietnam), T. gracilis sp.n. (from China: Hong Kong), T. indicus sp.n. (from India: Meghalaya), T. laoticus sp.n. (from Laos), T. malayensis sp.n. (from West Malaysia), T. montanus sp.n. (from northern Thailand), T. schuhi sp.n. (from West Malaysia: Tioman Island), T. schwendingeri sp.n. (from northeastern Thailand), T. yangae sp.n. (from West Malaysia: Tioman Island and Selangor), and T. yunnanensis sp.n. (from China: Yunnan). Keys to the species are provided based on external characteristics and on the genitalia of the males.

scholarly journals Continuing Evolution of H9N2 Influenza Viruses in Southeastern China

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (16) ◽  
pp. 8609-8614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. K. Choi ◽  
H. Ozaki ◽  
R. J. Webby ◽  
R. G. Webster ◽  
J. S. Peiris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Southeastern China ◽  
Avian Virus ◽  
Virus Origin ◽  
Live Poultry ◽  
Virus Subtype ◽  
Live Poultry Markets

ABSTRACT H9N2 influenza viruses are panzootic in domestic poultry in Eurasia and since 1999 have caused transient infections in humans and pigs. To investigate the zoonotic potential of H9N2 viruses, we studied the evolution of the viruses in live-poultry markets in Hong Kong in 2003. H9N2 was the most prevalent influenza virus subtype in the live-poultry markets between 2001 and 2003. Antigenic and phylogenetic analysis of hemagglutinin (HA) showed that all of the 19 isolates found except one belonged to the lineage represented by A/Duck/Hong Kong/Y280/97 (H9N2). The exception was A/Guinea fowl/NT184/03 (H9N2), whose HA is most closely related to that of the human isolate A/Guangzhou/333/99 (H9N2), a virus belonging to the A/Chicken/Beijing/1/94-like (H9N2) lineage. At least six different genotypes were recognized. The majority of the viruses had nonstructural (and HA) genes derived from the A/Duck/Hong Kong/Y280/97-like virus lineage but had other genes of mixed avian virus origin, including genes similar to those of H5N1 viruses isolated in 2001. Viruses of all six genotypes of H9N2 found were able to replicate in chickens and mice without adaptation. The infected chickens showed no signs of disease, but representatives of two viral genotypes were lethal to mice. Three genotypes of virus replicated in the respiratory tracts of swine, which shed virus for at least 5 days. These results show an increasing genetic and biologic diversity of H9N2 viruses in Hong Kong and support their potential role as pandemic influenza agents.

scholarly journals Cocirculation of Avian H9N2 and Contemporary “Human” H3N2 Influenza A Viruses in Pigs in Southeastern China: Potential for Genetic Reassortment?

2001 ◽  
Vol 75 (20) ◽  
pp. 9679-9686 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. M. Peiris ◽  
Y. Guan ◽  
D. Markwell ◽  
P. Ghose ◽  
R. G. Webster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Interspecies Transmission ◽  
Avian Host ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
Southeastern China ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Genetic Reassortment ◽  
H3n2 Influenza

ABSTRACT Pigs are permissive to both human and avian influenza viruses and have been proposed to be an intermediate host for the genesis of pandemic influenza viruses through reassortment or adaptation of avian viruses. Prospective virological surveillance carried out between March 1998 and June 2000 in Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China, on pigs imported from southeastern China, provides the first evidence of interspecies transmission of avian H9N2 viruses to pigs and documents their cocirculation with contemporary human H3N2 (A/Sydney/5/97-like, Sydney97-like) viruses. All gene segments of the porcine H9N2 viruses were closely related to viruses similar to chicken/Beijing/1/94 (H9N2), duck/Hong Kong/Y280/97 (H9N2), and the descendants of the latter virus lineage. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that repeated interspecies transmission events had occurred from the avian host to pigs. The Sydney97-like (H3N2) viruses isolated from pigs were related closely to contemporary human H3N2 viruses in all gene segments and had not undergone genetic reassortment. Cocirculation of avian H9N2 and human H3N2 viruses in pigs provides an opportunity for genetic reassortment leading to the emergence of viruses with pandemic potential.

Community and Kinship in Southeastern China: The View from the Multilineage Villages of Hong Kong

1983 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Strauch
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Southeastern China ◽  
Community Solidarity ◽  
The Many ◽  
Village Studies

The role of patrilineal ideology in Chinese village social organization varies more widely than the orthodox paradigm would predict. In minor multilineage communities closely interspersed among dominant elite lineages, interlineage rivalry and competition may indeed prevail. But in the many similar villages somewhat removed from the pressures of dominant lineage expansionism, lineage solidarity may coexist harmoniously with community solidarity, legitimized through a liberal extension of the kinship idiom. This article reviews several village studies and describes in detail a multilineage alliance that complements rather than supplants lineage unity, suggesting that principles of segmentary opposition and solidarity can provide positive means of integration among separate lineages in a shared territory as effectively as among branches of a single lineage.

Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli infection: The Hong Kong experience

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (11-s4) ◽  
pp. S289-S293 ◽  
Author(s):  
SSY WONG ◽  
WC YAM ◽  
PHM LEUNG ◽  
PCY WOO ◽  
KY YUEN
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Escherichia Coli Infection
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