escherichia coli infection
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2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojie Xu ◽  
Ruicheng Yang ◽  
Bo Yang ◽  
Liang Li ◽  
Jiaqi Chen ◽  
...  

AbstractEscherichia coli is the most common gram-negative pathogenic bacterium causing meningitis. It penetrates the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and activates nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling, which are vital events leading to the development of meningitis. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in regulating neuroinflammatory signaling, and our previous study showed that E. coli can induce differential expression of lncRNAs, including lncC11orf54-1, in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hBMECs). The hBMECs constitute the structural and functional basis for the BBB, however, it is unclear whether lncRNAs are involved in the regulation of inflammatory responses of hBMECs during meningitic E. coli infection. In this study, we characterized an abundantly expressed lncRNA, lncC11orf54-1, which was degraded by translocated coilin to produce mgU2-19 and mgU2-30 in hBMECs during E. coli infection. Functionally, lncC11orf54-1-originated non-coding RNA mgU2-30 interacted with interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) to induce its oligomerization and autophosphorylation, thus promoting the activation of NF-κB signaling and facilitating the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In summary, our study uncovers the involvement of lncC11orf54-1 in IRAK1–NF-κB signaling, and it functions as a positive regulator of inflammatory responses in meningitic E. coli-induced neuroinflammation, which may be a valuable therapeutic and diagnostic target for bacterial meningitis.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 745-757
Author(s):  
Mohamed Mohamed Batikh ◽  
Anwaar Mettwally El-nabarawy ◽  
Mohamed Abdel-salam Shakal ◽  
Abdel-Haleem Mohamed Hegazy ◽  
Eman Anter Morsy

Contamination of feedstuffs with mycotoxins is considered a huge issue plaguing the poultry sector of Egypt. Therefore, the current study was conducted to examine the effect of the neglected natural mycotoxin contamination of ration on the clinicopathological picture of Escherichia coli infection in broiler chickens. A total of 240 one-day-old chicks were divided into 5 groups. The first 3 groups (1, 2, and 3) were further equally subdivided into 2 subgroups (A and B). Those in group A were fed on commercial ration treated with antimycotoxin while group B was fed on ration contaminated with mycotoxins. Groups 1, 2, and 3 were inoculated at one-day-old with E. coli O78, O128, and O157, respectively while group 4 was kept as a negative control and fed on a ration treated with antimycotoxin. Finally, group 5 was kept as positive controls and fed on a mycotoxin contaminated ration and inoculated with physiological saline. All groups contained 30 chicks. Results showed that the challenged groups fed on a ration containing mycotoxin had high mortality (23.3%) and also a high feed conversion ratio. Moreover, severe clinical symptoms, postmortem lesions, histopathological pictures, and a high rate of bacterial re-isolation were recorded. The pathological lesions were congestion of the liver, spleen, and kidneys in addition to severe pericarditis, perihepatitis, air sacullitis, ascites, and unabsorbed yolk sac. The histopathological changes included degeneration, necrosis, and liver inflammation with lymphoid depletion in the spleen and enteritis associated with sloughing of the mucosal epithelium. The obtained results were less severe in the challenged groups fed on a ration treated with antimycotoxin indicating combined action of both Escherichia coli and mycotoxins. In conclusion, the obtained results revealed that the mycotoxins even at low concentrations can augment the pathogenisity of Echerichia coli in broiler chickens.


Author(s):  
Q. A. Shah ◽  
N. M. Soomro ◽  
J. M. Shah ◽  
M. A. Hussain ◽  
S. F. Syed

Avian colibacillosis is considered the major bacterial disease in the poultry industry worldwide. This study was conducted to determine prevalence and pathology by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) in broiler chicken. Various organs of affected broilers were checked for the E. coli infection. One hundred and forty commercial poultry farms were divided into seven age groups (A, B, C, D, E, F, and G). Group A (1st week), B (2nd week), C (3rd week), D (4th week), E (5th week), F (6th week), G (7th to 9th week). Investigations were conducted from day 1 until the marketing of birds based on clinical findings. A total of 2491 (23.71% of sick birds) dead birds were observed positive for E. coli infection. Three forms of infection were observed i.e. omphalitis, colisepticaemia, and colibacillosis at the rate of 1.55, 17 and 56.65%, respectively. Omphalitis was confirmed by microbial culture and revealed in only groups A and B with 76.24 and 23.76 respectively. While, Colisepticaemia was observed at the rate of 3.11, 6.74, 20.18, 29.63, 19.16, and 22.18 in groups B, C, D, E, F, and G respectively. Whereas Colibacillosis was noticed as 0.075, 3.35, 5.99, 19.20, 26.70, 16.11 and 28.55% in groups A, B, C, D, E, F, and G respectively. Petechiation of heart, kidney, and gizzard besides hemorrhagic enteritis, hemorrhagic tracheitis, and necrotic foci on the liver and caseous exudates in air sacs were the prime gross lesions noticed in colibacillosis. Microscopically, no lesion was observed in serosa, muscularis externa, and submucosa. However, loss of epithelial tissue and breaches in the mucosal layer of the small intestine were observed. Furthermore, characteristic pink and grayish colonies were observed in E. coli cultures on McConkey’s and Blood agar respectively.


Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 3522
Author(s):  
Ashok Kumar Kumawat ◽  
Geena Varghese Paramel ◽  
Kartheyaene Jayaprakash Demirel ◽  
Isak Demirel

Understanding how uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) modulates the immune response in the kidney is essential to prevent UPEC from reaching the bloodstream and causing urosepsis. The purpose of this study was to elucidate if renal fibroblasts can release IL-1β during a UPEC infection and to investigate the mechanism behind the IL-1β release. We found that the UPEC strain CFT073 induced an increased IL-1β and LDH release from renal fibroblasts, but not from renal epithelial cells. The UPEC-induced IL-1β release was found to be NLRP3, caspase-1, caspase-4, ERK 1/2, cathepsin B and serine protease dependent in renal fibroblasts. We also found that the UPEC virulence factor α-hemolysin was necessary for IL-1β release. Conditioned medium from caspase-1, caspase-4 and NLRP3-deficient renal fibroblasts mediated an increased reactive oxygen species production from neutrophils, but reduced UPEC phagocytosis. Taken together, our study demonstrates that renal fibroblasts, but not renal epithelial cells, release IL-1β during a UPEC infection. This suggest that renal fibroblasts are vital immunoreactive cells and not only structural cells that produce and regulate the extracellular matrix.


Author(s):  
Nida Siddiqui ◽  
Nikola Deletic ◽  
Frederick Raal ◽  
Farzahna Mohamed

Infections of the thyroid gland are rare. Its innate resistance to infections can be attributed to its unique anatomical features and rich blood supply. High clinical suspicion is required as a delay in diagnosis can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Major pathogens include the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus species; however, Gram-negative organisms have been found especially in immunocompromised hosts. We present a rare case of acute suppurative thyroiditis (AST) secondary to Escherichia coli (E. coli) infection in a woman known to be infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).


2021 ◽  
pp. 870
Author(s):  
Lilia Yakovlevna Yushkova ◽  
Yuri Ivanovich Smolyaninov ◽  
Nikolai Alexandrovich Donchenko ◽  
Svetlana Vladimirovna Ionina ◽  
Boris Nikolaevich Balyberdin ◽  
...  

The list of OIE identifies especially dangerous and other contagious diseases (83 — diseases of terrestrial animals, 48 — diseases of aquatic animals), including those common to humans and animals (zoonoses), including food more than 200. Veterinary science is tasked with ensuring the well-being of individual animal diseases: socially significant (brucellosis, tuberculosis, leptospirosis, etc.), as well as economically significant (African swine fever, bird flu, foot-and-mouth disease, etc.). It should be borne in mind that 80 % of pathogens that can be used for biological terrorism are also pathogens of zoonotic infections. In addition, the sources of causative agents of basic human food toxico-infections (salmonella, escherichia, yersenia, listeria, campylobacteria) are [4]. Foodstuffs occupy a special place among material goods, because they meet the vital need of people [6]. In the EU countries, zoonosis and food toxico infections are monitored. Monitoring results showed that the first and second most commonly reported zoonoses in humans were campylobacteriosis and salmonellosis. The EU trend for confirmed cases of people with these two diseases was stable (unchanged) during 2015–2019 years. The prevalence in the EU of salmonellous herd serovarpolozhitelnykh targeting salmonella has been stable since 2015 for breeding chickens, laying chickens, broilers and fattening turkeys, with fluctuations for breeding herds of turkeys. The results for salmonella obtained by the competent authorities for pig carcasses and poultry tested under national control programmes were more likely to be positive than those obtained from food industry operators. Escherichia coli infection (STEC), Siga toxin-producing, was the third most reported zoonosis in humans and increased from 2015 to 2019. Yersiniosis was the fourth most reported zoonosis in humans in 2019 with a stable trend in 2015–2019. Listeria rarely exceeded the EU food safety limit tested in ready-to-eat foods. A total of 5,175 food-borne outbreaks were reported. Salmonella remained the most identified causative agent, but the number of outbreaks caused by S. Enteritidis decreased. Norovirus contained in fish and fish products was a pair of agent/food that caused the largest number of outbreaks with convincing evidence. The report provides further updated information on bovine tuberculosis, Brucella, trichinella, echinococcus, Toxoplasma, rabies, West Nile virus, coccyella burnetia (Q-fever) and tularemia [3, 5, 7]. During diagnostic studies of imported cattle imported from Golandia, Germany, Switzerland, 7 subjects revealed positively responding animals to bluetang. The most serious situation regarding epizootic well-being, biological and economic security has developed in the African swine fever [4].


Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1233
Author(s):  
Sofie Kromann ◽  
Rikke Heidemann Olsen ◽  
Anders Miki Bojesen ◽  
Henrik Elvang Jensen ◽  
Ida Thøfner

In poultry, Escherichia coli is a common cause of high-cost infections. Consequently, autogenous vaccines are often used despite limited and conflicting evidence on their effectiveness have been presented. The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of a commonly used autogenous vaccine, previously deemed ineffective, in an aerosol model of colibacillosis. Methods: Broiler breeders (n = 47) were randomly allocated to one of four groups (vaccinated and unvaccinated birds receiving an autogenous vaccine or sterile saline intramuscularly) and challenged with either aerosolised E. coli or vehicle at 29 weeks of age. Two days following inoculation, the birds were euthanised, thoroughly necropsied, and samples for bacteriology and histopathology were collected. Results: Vaccinated birds had a significantly lower bacteriology score compared to the unvaccinated group challenged with E. coli (p < 0.01) and a lower overall air sac lesion score (p < 0.05). Overall lung and spleen lesion scores only differed significantly between the unvaccinated E. coli challenged group compared to the vehicle inoculated groups. The overall gross pathology score was 2.8 and 1.95 in the unvaccinated and vaccinated E. coli challenge groups, respectively, whereas the vaccinated vehicle group had a score of 0.9 and the unvaccinated vehicle group a score of 1. Conclusions: A protective effect of an autogenous vaccine was found utilising an aerogenous model of colibacillosis through multiple methods of evaluation. The findings encourage the continued use of autogenous vaccines and underlines the necessity of discriminative experimental models with high predictive validity when evaluating vaccine interventions.


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