Diversity and Evolutionary History of Macaques with Special Focus on Macaca mulatta and Macaca fascicularis

Comparative chromosome banding analysis and/or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies are established approaches to compare human and ape chromosomes. FISH-banding is a relatively new and not routinely applied method suited very well to provide to a better understanding of the evolutionary history of primate and human phylogeny. Here multicolor banding (MCB) applying probes derived from Homo sapiens was used to analyze the chromosomes of Thai crab-eating macaque (Macaca fascicularis). The results agree with those of previous studies in other macaques, e.g. Macaca sylvanus or Macaca nemestrina. This result pinpoints, that morphological differences within the Ceropithecoidae must be founded rather in subchromosomal changes or even in epigenetics than in gross structural alterations.

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Evolution of bacterial recombinase A ( recA ) in eukaryotes explained by addition of genomic data of key microbial lineages

Proceedings of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.2016.1453 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 283 (1840) ◽

pp. 20161453 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Paulo G. Hofstatter ◽

Alexander K. Tice ◽

Seungho Kang ◽

Matthew W. Brown ◽

Daniel J. G. Lahr

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Dna Repair ◽

Gene Transfer ◽

Homologous Recombination ◽

Evolutionary History ◽

Genomic Data ◽

Transit Peptide ◽

Special Focus ◽

History Of ◽

Eukaryotic Supergroup

Recombinase enzymes promote DNA repair by homologous recombination. The genes that encode them are ancestral to life, occurring in all known dominions: viruses, Eubacteria, Archaea and Eukaryota. Bacterial recombinases are also present in viruses and eukaryotic groups (supergroups), presumably via ancestral events of lateral gene transfer. The eukaryotic recA genes have two distinct origins (mitochondrial and plastidial), whose acquisition by eukaryotes was possible via primary (bacteria–eukaryote) and/or secondary (eukaryote–eukaryote) endosymbiotic gene transfers (EGTs). Here we present a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the recA genealogy, with substantially increased taxonomic sampling in the bacteria, viruses, eukaryotes and a special focus on the key eukaryotic supergroup Amoebozoa, earlier represented only by Dictyostelium . We demonstrate that several major eukaryotic lineages have lost the bacterial recombinases (including Opisthokonta and Excavata), whereas others have retained them (Amoebozoa, Archaeplastida and the SAR-supergroups). When absent, the bacterial recA homologues may have been lost entirely (secondary loss of canonical mitochondria) or replaced by other eukaryotic recombinases. RecA proteins have a transit peptide for organellar import, where they act. The reconstruction of the RecA phylogeny with its EGT events presented here retells the intertwined evolutionary history of eukaryotes and bacteria, while further illuminating the events of endosymbiosis in eukaryotes by expanding the collection of widespread genes that provide insight to this deep history.

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Allometry and Interspecific Differences in the Facial Cranium of Two Closely Related Macaque Species

Anatomy Research International ◽

10.1155/2011/849751 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Tsuyoshi Ito ◽

Takeshi Nishimura ◽

Masanaru Takai

Keyword(s):

Body Size ◽

Related Species ◽

Evolutionary History ◽

Macaca Fascicularis ◽

Size Variation ◽

Critical Feature ◽

Closely Related Species ◽

Macaque Monkeys ◽

Interspecific Differences ◽

History Of

Interpreting evolutionary history of macaque monkeys from fossil evidence is difficult, because their evolutionary fluctuations in body size might have removed or formed important morphological features differently in each lineage. We employed geometric morphometrics to explore allometric trajectories of craniofacial shape in two closely related species, Macaca fascicularis and M. fuscata. These two species exhibit a single shared allometric trajectory in superoinferior deflection of the anterior face, indicating that the differences in this feature can be explained by size variation. In contrast, two parallel trajectories are demonstrated in craniofacial protrusion, indicating that even if they are comparable in size, M. fuscata has a higher and shorter face than M. fascicularis. The degree of facial protrusion is most likely a critical feature for phyletic evaluation in the fascicularis group. Such analyses in various macaques would help to resolve controversies regarding phyletic interpretations of fossil macaques.

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Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x18000274 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

Author(s):

Kevin Arceneaux

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Individual Differences ◽

Cognitive Processes ◽

Evolutionary History ◽

Behavioral Responses ◽

History Of ◽

Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

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Tanaka Kinuyo

10.3366/edinburgh/9781474409698.001.0001 ◽

2018 ◽

Keyword(s):

Industrial Development ◽

Japanese Woman ◽

Cultural Construction ◽

Public Image ◽

Special Focus ◽

Japanese History ◽

Female Subjectivity ◽

Japanese Cinema ◽

Close Analysis ◽

History Of

This is the first book in English dedicated to the actress and director Tanaka Kinuyo. Praised as amongst the greatest actors in the history of Japanese cinema, Tanaka’s career spanned the industrial development of cinema - from silent to sound, monochrome to colour. Alongside featuring in films by Ozu, Mizoguchi, Naruse and Kurosawa, Tanaka was also the only Japanese woman filmmaker between 1953 and 1962, and her films tackled distinctly feminine topics such as prostitution and breast cancer. Because her career overlaps with a transformative period in Japan, especially for women, this close analysis of her fascinating life and work offers new perspectives into the Japanese history of women and classical era of national cinema. The first half of the book focuses on Tanaka as actress and analyses the elements and meanings associated with her star image, and her powerful embodiment of diverse, at times contradictory, ideological discourses. The second half is dedicated to Tanaka as director and explores her public image as filmmaker and her depiction of gender and sexuality against the national history in order to reflect on her role and style as author. With a special focus on the melodrama genre and on the sociopolitical and economic contexts of film production, the book offers a revision of theories of stardom, authorship, and women’s cinema. In examining Tanaka’s iconic reification of femininities in relation to politics, national identity, and memory, the chapters shed light on the cultural construction of female subjectivity and sexuality in Japanese popular culture.

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