Normal Acid-Base Balance

2010 ◽  
pp. 149-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biff F. Palmer ◽  
Robert J. Alpern
Keyword(s):  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Normal Acid

scholarly journals Status Asthmaticus

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
J.S Partana
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Status Asthmaticus ◽  
Fluid Administration ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Extreme Caution ◽  
Electrolyte Disturbances ◽  
Oxygen Administration ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Normal Acid

The therapy of status asthmaticus must be rational. Thus it is important to evaluate: 1. the severity and duration of an asthmatic attack. 2. the degree of dehydration. 3. whether infection plays a role. 4. all medication previously administered. 5. any possible complication.Treatment is as follows :Fluid and electrolyte therapy is important not only for the correction of dehydration and electrolyte disturbances but also for preventing inspissation of mucus in the bronchi. The best route of fluid administration is intravenous.Potassium iodide orally administered may be helpful as an expectorant.After hydration and normal acid-base balance have been established, epinephrine may be of benefit.Aminophylline is effective when administered intravenously. It should be used with extreme caution: the dose should not exceed 3 mg per kg of body weight, it should be given slowly and should not be given more frequently than every 8 hours.Corticosteroids should be administered, especially in cases who have received suppressive doses previously.Humidified oxygen administration is of the utmost importance.Antibiotics are recommended when infection is suspected.Management of complications.

Renal function and acid-base balance in the toad Bufo marinus during short-term dehydration

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 1054-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Tufts ◽  
D. P. Toews
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Bufo Marinus ◽  
Ambient Water ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Toad Bufo ◽  
Normal Acid ◽  
Tubular Component

Specimens of Bufo marinus (L.) were cannulated in both ureters to partition between the regulatory contributions of the kidney and urinary bladder. These bladder-bypassed animals were then exposed to 10 h of dehydration in air and renal function and acid–base balance were assessed. The results indicated that the kidney showed an almost immediate response to dehydration which consisted of a large glomerular and smaller tubular component. Bypassing and emptying of the bladder and the removal of the ambient water had no effect on the animal's ability to maintain normal acid–base balance.

Contribution of the proximal tubule to urinary ammonia excretion by the dog

1965 ◽  
Vol 209 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Clapp ◽  
Edward E. Owen ◽  
Roscoe R. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Proximal Tubule ◽  
Ammonia Excretion ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Proximal Tubular ◽  
Ammonia Addition ◽  
Normal Acid

Measurements of ammonia concentration were performed on 48 samples of proximal tubular fluid from antidiuretic dogs during normal acid-base balance, and acute or chronic ammonium chloride acidosis. Measurable concentrations of ammonia (>0.3 mmoles/liter) were not detectable in proximal fluid during either normal acid-base balance or acute ammonium chloride acidosis. However, in both conditions, an ammonia concentration in proximal fluid of less than 0.3 mmoles/liter could still have accounted for a large percentage of urinary ammonia. For this reason, the present data can neither confirm nor deny the existence of ammonia addition to proximal tubular fluid during normal acid-base balance and acute metabolic acidosis. In contrast, chronic metabolic acidosis was accompanied by the definite appearance of ammonia in proximal fluid, its concentration averaging 0.82 ± .32 mmoles/liter. This observation demonstrates clearly that net ammonia addition can be observed along the proximal tubule under certain circumstances. It suggests further that the proximal tubule also contributes to the adaptive rise of urinary ammonia excretion during chronic acidosis.

Higher Dietary Acidity is Associated with Lower Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Iranian Women, Independent of Dietary Calcium Intake

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 0206-0217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyedeh-Elaheh Shariati-Bafghi ◽  
Elaheh Nosrat-Mirshekarlou ◽  
Mohsen Karamati ◽  
Bahram Rashidkhani
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Dietary Calcium ◽  
Dietary Calcium Intake ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Iranian Women ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Dietary Acid

Findings of studies on the link between dietary acid-base balance and bone mass are relatively mixed. We examined the association between dietary acid-base balance and bone mineral density (BMD) in a sample of Iranian women, hypothesizing that a higher dietary acidity would be inversely associated with BMD, even when dietary calcium intake is adequate. In this cross-sectional study, lumbar spine and femoral neck BMDs of 151 postmenopausal women aged 50 - 85 years were measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Renal net acid excretion (RNAE), an estimate of acid-base balance, was then calculated indirectly from the diet using the formulae of Remer (based on dietary intakes of protein, phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium; RNAERemer) and Frassetto (based on dietary intakes of protein and potassium; RNAEFrassetto), and was energy adjusted by the residual method. After adjusting for potential confounders, multivariable adjusted means of the lumbar spine BMD of women in the highest tertiles of RNAERemer and RNAEFrassetto were significantly lower than those in the lowest tertiles (for RNAERemer: mean difference -0.084 g/cm2; P=0.007 and for RNAEFrassetto: mean difference - 0.088 g/cm2; P=0.004). Similar results were observed in a subgroup analysis of subjects with dietary calcium intake of >800 mg/day. In conclusion, a higher RNAE (i. e. more dietary acidity), which is associated with greater intake of acid-generating foods and lower intake of alkali-generating foods, may be involved in deteriorating the bone health of postmenopausal Iranian women, even in the context of adequate dietary calcium intake.

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