Growing pains: Salter-Harris classification of physeal injuries

2022 ◽  
pp. 229-234
Author(s):  
Erin Munns
Keyword(s):  
Growing Pains ◽  
Salter Harris

scholarly journals Classifications In Brief: Salter-Harris Classification of Pediatric Physeal Fractures

2016 ◽  
Vol 474 (11) ◽  
pp. 2531-2537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Cepela ◽  
Jason P. Tartaglione ◽  
Timothy P. Dooley ◽  
Prerana N. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Salter Harris ◽  
Physeal Fractures

scholarly journals Technik und Biomechanik der Bohr-Draht(Kirschner-Draht)-Osteosynthese bei Kindern

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 509-529
Author(s):  
Theddy Slongo
Keyword(s):  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Long Bone Fractures ◽  
Salter Harris ◽  
Comprehensive Classification

Zusammenfassung Operationsziel Sichere und stabile Fixierung metaphysärer sowie epiphysärer Frakturen (Salter-Harris I–IV) mittels korrekter Bohrdraht(Kirschner[K]-Draht)-Osteosynthese, in der Folge als K‑Draht-Osteosynthese (OS) bezeichnet. Indikationen Gemäß der AO(Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen)-Kinderklassifikation der langen Röhrenknochen (AO Pediatric Comprehensive Classification of Long-Bone Fractures [PCCF]) alle Salter-Harris- und metaphysären Frakturen sowie Frakturen des Fuß- und Handskelettes, unabhängig von der Repositionsart, geschlossen oder offen, sofern eine Adaptationsosteosynthese eine hinreichende Stabilität zulässt. Eine K‑Draht-OS erfordert immer eine zusätzliche Fixierung/Ruhigstellung in einem Gipsverband. Kontraindikationen Alle diaphysären Frakturen, sofern ein K‑Draht nicht im Sinne der Markraumschienung verwendet wird. Nicht korrekt reponierte respektive nicht reponierbare Frakturen. Operationstechnik Nach geschlossener oder offener, möglichst anatomischer Reposition werden unter Durchleuchtungskontrolle 1, 2, gelegentlich 3 K-Drähte pro Fragment eingebracht. Wichtig ist dabei, dass die K‑Drähte das zu fixierende Fragment sowie das Hauptfragment (Metaphyse) optimal fassen. Es muss daher möglich sein, mit dem Durchleuchtungsgerät eine streng seitliche sowie korrekte anteroposteriore Aufnahme machen zu können. Dabei ist darauf zu achten, dass man das Gerät in die entsprechende Ebene schwenken kann. Ein Drehen der Extremität sollte auf ein Minimum beschränkt werden. Durch eine zusätzliche Manipulation zwecks Durchleuchtung könnten die zuvor optimal reponierten Fragmente erneut dislozieren. Dies wiederum kann zu einer schlechten K‑Draht-Fixierung führen. Je nach Morphologie der Fraktur, Größe der Fragmente und Lokalisation der Fraktur (Humerus, Unterarm, Femur oder Tibia, Hand oder Fuß) muss die K‑Draht-Technik angepasst werden. Diese kann sein: monolateral gekreuzt, monolateral divergierend auf- oder absteigend oder die häufigste angewendete aufsteigend gekreuzte Technik. Die K‑Drähte werden in der Regel über Hautniveau belassen und umgebogen. Somit können sie ohne erneute Narkose in der Ambulanz entfernt werden. Man muss sich bewusst sein, dass der K‑Draht weder eine Kompressions- noch eine Neutralisations-OS ist, sondern immer nur eine Adaptation. Daher braucht eine K‑Draht-OS immer eine zusätzliche Ruhigstellung mittels Gips oder konfektionierter Schiene. Weiterbehandlung Ruhigstellung im Gipsverband für 4 bis 5 Wochen abhängig vom Alter. Ergebnisse Bei technisch optimal durchgeführter Fixation und korrekter Indikation für eine K‑Draht-OS sowie adäquater Nachbehandlung sind die Ergebnisse sehr gut bis gut.

scholarly journals Classification of Distal Radius Physeal Fractures Not Included in the Salter-Harris System

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos K Sferopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Distal Radius ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Classification Schemes ◽  
Physeal Bar ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Salter Harris ◽  
Growth Abnormalities ◽  
Physeal Fractures

Introduction : The most commonly used classification for pediatric physeal fractures has been proposed by Salter and Harris. Among the most suitable classification schemes are those proposed by Ogden and Peterson who added several new types of injuries. The purpose of this study was to examine the value of both schemes to classify all different types of physeal injuries of the distal radius that are not included in the Salter-Harris system and to test a new nomenclature to classify and guide treatment for the whole spectrum of these injuries. Methods : A total of 292 children who were admitted for a physeal fracture of the distal radius that could not be classified according to the Salter-Harris system were identified from the hospital database. All radiographs were carefully examined and classified according to the existing classifications of Ogden and Peterson and a modified classification scheme. The results of the treatment were also evaluated. Results : Ninety-six physeal injuries could not be classified using the classification schemes of Ogden and Peterson. All injuries could be classified in five types using the new, modified nomenclature. Growth abnormalities of the distal radius were evaluated after an average follow-up time of 11 years. Growth arrest due to a physeal bar was detected only in one patient. Discussion : The proposed modified scheme is practical, incorporates all previous classification systems, allows classification of all physeal injuries of the distal radius that are not included in the Salter-Harris system and may assist comparison of treatment outcomes.

Note on the spectral classification of carbon stars in the photographic infrared region

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 21-23
Author(s):  
Y. Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Region ◽  
Spectral Classification ◽  
Carbon Stars

We have investigated the spectrograms (dispersion: 8Å/mm) in the photographic infrared region fromλ7500 toλ9000 of some carbon stars obtained by the coudé spectrograph of the 74-inch reflector attached to the Okayama Astrophysical Observatory. The names of the stars investigated are listed in Table 1.

Diagnostic Value of Electron Microscopy in Soft Tissue Tumors

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 220-221
Author(s):  
Gerald Fine ◽  
Azorides R. Morales
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Myxoma ◽  
Osteogenic Sarcoma ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Soft Tissue Tumors ◽  
Amelanotic Melanoma ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Light Microscopic Level ◽  
Mesenchymal Tumors ◽  
Good Agreement

For years the separation of carcinoma and sarcoma and the subclassification of sarcomas has been based on the appearance of the tumor cells and their microscopic growth pattern and information derived from certain histochemical and special stains. Although this method of study has produced good agreement among pathologists in the separation of carcinoma from sarcoma, it has given less uniform results in the subclassification of sarcomas. There remain examples of neoplasms of different histogenesis, the classification of which is questionable because of similar cytologic and growth patterns at the light microscopic level; i.e. amelanotic melanoma versus carcinoma and occasionally sarcoma, sarcomas with an epithelial pattern of growth simulating carcinoma, histologically similar mesenchymal tumors of different histogenesis (histiocytoma versus rhabdomyosarcoma, lytic osteogenic sarcoma versus rhabdomyosarcoma), and myxomatous mesenchymal tumors of diverse histogenesis (myxoid rhabdo and liposarcomas, cardiac myxoma, myxoid neurofibroma, etc.)

Ultrastructure of mesotheliomas

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 98-101
Author(s):  
Irving Dardick
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Latent Period ◽  
Spindle Cell ◽  
Spindle Cell Sarcoma ◽  
Metastatic Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Cell Sarcoma ◽  
Cytological Features ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
Degree Of Differentiation

With the extensive industrial use of asbestos in this century and the long latent period (20-50 years) between exposure and tumor presentation, the incidence of malignant mesothelioma is now increasing. Thus, surgical pathologists are more frequently faced with the dilemma of differentiating mesothelioma from metastatic adenocarcinoma and spindle-cell sarcoma involving serosal surfaces. Electron microscopy is amodality useful in clarifying this problem.In utilizing ultrastructural features in the diagnosis of mesothelioma, it is essential to appreciate that the classification of this tumor reflects a variety of morphologic forms of differing biologic behavior (Table 1). Furthermore, with the variable histology and degree of differentiation in mesotheliomas it might be expected that the ultrastructure of such tumors also reflects a range of cytological features. Such is the case.

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