What makes the adult pyloric sphincter contract?

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Ian Munro Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Pyloric Sphincter

Morphology of the canine pyloric sphincter in relation to function

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 1560-1573 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Daniel ◽  
I. Berezin ◽  
H. D. Allescher ◽  
H. Manaka ◽  
V. Posey-Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Substance P ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Gap Junctions ◽  
Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide ◽  
Interstitial Cells Of Cajal ◽  
Circular Muscle ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Pyloric Sphincter ◽  
Cells Of Cajal

The ultrastructure and immunocytochemistry of the canine distal pyloric muscle loop, the pyloric sphincter, were studied. Cells in this muscle were connected by gap junctions, fewer than in the antrum or corpus. The sphincter had a dense innervation and a sparse population of interstitial cells of Cajal. Most such cells were of the circular muscle type but a few were of the type in the myenteric plexus. Nerves were sometimes associated with interstitial cell profiles, but most nerves were neither close to nor associated with interstitial cells nor close to smooth muscle cells. Nerve profiles were characterized by an unusually high proportion of varicosities with a majority or a high proportion of large granular vesicles. Many of these were shown to contain material immunoreactive for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and some had substance P (SP) immunoreactive material. All were presumed to be peptidergic. VIP was present in a higher concentration in this muscle than in adjacent antral or duodenal circular muscle. Interstitial cells of Cajal made gap junctions to smooth muscle and to one another and might provide myogenic pacemaking activity for this muscle, but there was no evidence of a close or special relationship between nerves with VIP or SP and these cells. The absence of close relationships between nerves and either interstitial cells or smooth muscle cells leaves unanswered questions about the structural basis for previous observations of discrete excitatory responses or pyloric sphincter to single stimuli or nerves up to one per second. In conclusion, the structural observations suggest that this muscle has special neural and myogenic control systems and that interstitial cells may function to control myogenic activity of this muscle but not to mediate neural signals.Key words: vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, interstitial cells of Cajal, neuropeptides, gap junctions, substance P.

Continuous recording of pyloric sphincter pressure in dogs

1985 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 669-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos C. Defilippi ◽  
Elsa Gomez
Keyword(s):  
Pyloric Sphincter ◽  
Continuous Recording ◽  
Sphincter Pressure

BMP signalling specifies the pyloric sphincter

Nature ◽  
10.1038/45439 ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 402 (6763) ◽  
pp. 748-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devyn M. Smith ◽  
Clifford J. Tabin
Keyword(s):  
Pyloric Sphincter ◽  
Bmp Signalling

scholarly journals The three muscle layers in the pyloric sphincter and their possible function during antropyloroduodenal motility

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mi-Sun Hur ◽  
Seunggyu Lee ◽  
Tong Mook Kang ◽  
Chang-Seok Oh
Keyword(s):  
Outer Layer ◽  
Longitudinal Muscle ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Comprehensive Approach ◽  
Pyloric Sphincter ◽  
Muscular Tissue ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Circular Layer ◽  
Korean Adult ◽  
Longitudinal Layer

AbstractThis study was conducted to determine the muscular arrangement of the human pyloric sphincter using a comprehensive approach that involved microdissection, histology, and microcomputed tomography (micro‐CT). The stomachs of 80 embalmed Korean adult cadavers were obtained. In all specimens, loose muscular tissue of the innermost aspect of the sphincter wall ran aborally, forming the newly found inner longitudinal muscle bundles, entered the duodenum, and connected with the nearby circular bundles. In all specimens, approximately one-third of the outer longitudinal layer of the sphincter entered its inner circular layer, divided the circular layer into several parts, and finally connected with the circular bundles. Anatomical findings around the sphincter were confirmed in micro-CT images. The sphincter wall comprised three layers: an inner layer of longitudinal bundles, a middle layer of major circular and minor longitudinal bundles, and an outer layer of longitudinal bundles. The stomach outer longitudinal bundles were connected to the sphincter circular bundles. The inner longitudinal bundles of the sphincter were connected to the adjacent circular bundles of the duodenum.

scholarly journals Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Counteracts Failure of Lower Esophageal and Pyloric Sphincter Induced by NSAIDs in Rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 (5) ◽  
pp. S-232
Author(s):  
Sandra Franjic ◽  
Domagoj Drmic ◽  
Lara Bauk ◽  
Mirjana Stupnisek ◽  
Tomislav Becejac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pyloric Sphincter ◽  
Bpc 157 ◽  
Pentadecapeptide Bpc 157
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