Mechanistic and clinical descriptions of adverse drug effects, adverse drug reactions, and drug interactions

Heme is central to functions of many biologically important enzymes (hemoproteins). It is an assembly of four porphyrin rings joined through methylene bridges with a central Fe (II). Heme is present in all cells, and its synthesis and degradation balance its amount in the cell. The deregulations of heme networks and incorporation in hemoproteins lead to pathogenic state. This article addresses the detailed structure, biosynthesis, degradation, and transportation associated afflictions to heme. The article is followed by its roles in various diseased conditions where it is produced mainly as the cause of increased hemolysis. It manifests the symptoms in diseases as it is a pro-oxidant, pro-inflammatory and pro-hemolytic agent. We have also discussed the genetic defects that tampered with the biosynthesis, degradation, and transportation of heme. In addition, a brief about the largest hemoprotein group of enzymes- Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) has been discussed with its roles in drug metabolism.

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Adverse drug reactions & drug interactions in MDR-TB patients

Indian Journal of Tuberculosis ◽

10.1016/j.ijtb.2020.09.027 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 67 (4) ◽

pp. S69-S78

Author(s):

Amitesh Gupta ◽

Vikas Kumar ◽

Sekar Natarajan ◽

Rupak Singla

Keyword(s):

Drug Interactions ◽

Adverse Drug Reactions ◽

Drug Reactions ◽

Mdr Tb

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Importance of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) in adverse drug reactions due to drug–drug interactions: a PharmacoVigilance study in France

European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.1007/s00228-012-1394-3 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 69 (4) ◽

pp. 885-888 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Anne Charlotte Danton ◽

François Montastruc ◽

Agnès Sommet ◽

Geneviève Durrieu ◽

Haleh Bagheri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cytochrome P450 ◽

Drug Interactions ◽

Adverse Drug Reactions ◽

Drug Reactions

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Drug-Drug-Dietary interactions in pharmacotherapy of GIT medication: A review

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl4.4579 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽

pp. 2903-2909

Author(s):

Akula sowjanya ◽

Abhisek Pal

Keyword(s):

Drug Therapy ◽

Drug Interactions ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Adverse Drug Reactions ◽

Drug Effect ◽

Google Scholar ◽

Drug Reactions ◽

Common Drug ◽

Different Types ◽

Dietary Interactions

Successful drug therapy depends on the interaction between drug-drug and drug-diet. Drug interactions are a vital reason for causing adverse drug reactions and modify one drug effect by another drug and these kinds of interactions can increase or decrease the effectiveness of the drug. Polypharmacy could be a major risk for Drug-Drug and Drug-food interactions. Food Consumption can alter the effect of drugs by interfering either with their pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics processes. Anti-ulcer drugs are used to treat different types of ulcer and that may interact with another drug showing undesirable effects. GIT medications interfere with another type of medication either with at the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic level. The main objective of this article is to review data regarding common Drug-drug & Drug-food interactions related to GIT medications. Data was collected from Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus databases, and they were reviewed for publication on drug-drug & drug-food interactions related to GIT medications. This data is very helpful for pharmacists while reviewing and analyzing prescribed medication, especially in geriatrics prescriptions.

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