Intestinal protozoan infestation and systemic illness

The intestinal protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium is an important cause of diarrheal disease worldwide. The aim of this study was to expand the knowledge on the molecular epidemiology of human cryptosporidiosis in Sweden to better understand transmission patterns and potential zoonotic sources. Cryptosporidium-positive fecal samples were collected between January 2013 and December 2014 from 12 regional clinical microbiology laboratories in Sweden. Species and subtype determination was achieved using small subunit ribosomal RNA and 60 kDa glycoprotein gene analysis. Samples were available for 398 patients, of whom 250 (63%) and 138 (35%) had acquired the infection in Sweden and abroad, respectively. Species identification was successful for 95% (379/398) of the samples, revealing 12 species/genotypes: Cryptosporidium parvum (n = 299), C. hominis (n = 49), C. meleagridis (n = 8), C. cuniculus (n = 5), Cryptosporidium chipmunk genotype I (n = 5), C. felis (n = 4), C. erinacei (n = 2), C. ubiquitum (n = 2), and one each of C. suis, C. viatorum, C. ditrichi, and Cryptosporidium horse genotype. One patient was co-infected with C. parvum and C. hominis. Subtyping was successful for all species/genotypes, except for C. ditrichi, and revealed large diversity, with 29 subtype families (including 4 novel ones: C. parvum IIr, IIs, IIt, and Cryptosporidium horse genotype VIc) and 81 different subtypes. The most common subtype families were IIa (n = 164) and IId (n = 118) for C. parvum and Ib (n = 26) and Ia (n = 12) for C. hominis. Infections caused by the zoonotic C. parvum subtype families IIa and IId dominated both in patients infected in Sweden and abroad, while most C. hominis cases were travel-related. Infections caused by non-hominis and non-parvum species were quite common (8%) and equally represented in cases infected in Sweden and abroad.

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STUDIES ON EXPERIMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY OF INTESTINAL PROTOZOAN INFECTIONS IN BIRDS

American Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a118077 ◽

1934 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 373-403 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

FLAVIA L. RICHARDSON

Keyword(s):

Intestinal Protozoan ◽

Protozoan Infections

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Prior residency does not always pay off – co-infections inDaphnia

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182010000296 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 137 (10) ◽

pp. 1493-1500 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

JENNIFER N. LOHR ◽

MINGBO YIN ◽

JUSTYNA WOLINSKA

Keyword(s):

Parasite Species ◽

Mixed Effects ◽

Spore Production ◽

Daphnia Galeata ◽

Intestinal Protozoan ◽

Ecological Processes ◽

Single Genotype ◽

Host Life ◽

Multiple Species ◽

Prior Residency

SUMMARYThe epidemiological and ecological processes which govern the success of multiple-species co-infections are as yet unresolved. Here we investigated prior versus late residency within hosts, meaning which parasite contacts the host first, to determine if the outcomes of intra-host competition are altered. We infected a single genotype of the waterfleaDaphnia galeatawith both the intestinal protozoanCaullerya mesniliand the haemolymph fungusMetschnikowiasp. (single genotype of each parasite species), as single infections, simultaneous co-infections and as sequential co-infections, with each parasite given 4 days prior residency. Simultaneous co-infections were significantly more virulent than both single infections and sequential co-infections, as measured by a decreased host life span and fecundity. Further, in addition to theDaphniahost, the parasites also suffered fitness decreases in simultaneous co-infections, as measured by spore production. The sequential co-infections, however, had mixed effects:C. mesnilibenefited from prior residency, whereasMetschnikowiasp. experienced a decline in fitness. Our results show that multiple-species co-infections ofDaphniamay be more virulent than single infections, and that prior residency does not always provide a competitive advantage.

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A SURVEY OF HUMAN INTESTINAL PROTOZOAN PARASITES IN PHILADELPHIA

The American Journal of the Medical Sciences ◽

10.1097/00000441-193407000-00014 ◽

1934 ◽

Vol 188 (1) ◽

pp. 108-115 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

H. CORWIN HINSHAW ◽

ETHEL M. SHOWERS

Keyword(s):

Protozoan Parasites ◽

Intestinal Protozoan

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Nitazoxanide for the treatment of intestinal protozoan and helminthic infections in Mexico

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene ◽

10.1016/s0035-9203(97)90531-9 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 91 (6) ◽

pp. 701-703 ◽

Cited By ~ 94

Author(s):

Raúl Romero Cabello ◽

Lilía Robert Guerrero ◽

María del Rocio Muñóz García ◽

Alberto Geyne Cruz

Keyword(s):

Intestinal Protozoan ◽

Helminthic Infections

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Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites Among the Patients Visiting Sub-Regional Hospital, Dadeldhura, Nepal

Himalayan Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.3126/hijost.v5i01.42145 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (01) ◽

pp. 15-19

Author(s):

Madhav Raj Sharma ◽

Sohan Jha ◽

Pawan Jha ◽

Prashant Dahal

Keyword(s):

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Tap Water ◽

Parasitic Infection ◽

Age Groups ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Regional Hospital ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Intestinal Protozoan ◽

Management Actions ◽

Protozoan Infection

Intestinal parasitic infections caused by intestinal helminthes and protozoa are the most common human infections endemic throughout the world especially in tropical and subtropical countries including Nepal. This study was conducted to study the prevalence of intestinal parasites among patients visiting Sub-Regional Hospital, Dadeldhura, Nepal. Altogether 480 stool samples were collected from April 2017- October 2017. Microscopic examination of stool was done by using formal-ether concentration technique in the Microbiology Laboratory of Sub-Regional Hospital, Dadeldhura Nepal. The overall prevalence rate was found to be 10.625%. The prevalence of parasitic infection was higher in males (52.94%) than in females (47.06%). In the age group below 15 years, the prevalence was found to be higher (52.94 %) than other age groups. Total 6 species of intestinal parasites; 2 (33.33%) were protozoan parasites viz. cysts and trophozoites of Giardia lamblia, and cysts of Entamoeba histolytica, and 4 (66.67%) were helminths viz. ova of Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichuria, Hymenolepis nana, and Ancylostoma duodenale. The infection rate was found to be higher in people taking normal tap water. The study concluded that intestinal protozoan infection is still a public health problem of concern among the people of Dadeldhura. The prevalence of intestinal protozoan infection was found to be high in children and low educated groups in Dadeldhura. Thus, health education along with infection management actions and awareness programs for sanitation improvements are required to reduce protozoan infections.

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Coinfection of Toxoplasma Gondii and Intestinal Parasites among Elderly Immunocompromised Patients

Elderly Health Journal ◽

10.18502/ehj.v6i1.3413 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Reza Mahmoudi ◽

Behnaz Rahmati

Keyword(s):

Cancer Patients ◽

Opportunistic Infections ◽

Intestinal Parasite ◽

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Immunocompromised Patients ◽

Blastocystis Hominis ◽

Intestinal Protozoan ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Early Therapy

Introduction: Patients with cancer and hemodialysis are prone to opportunistic infections. The present research aims to examine the frequency of Toxoplasmosis and intestinal parasites in these patients. Methods: In the present cross-sectional study, seventy stool and blood samples from immunocompromised patients (46 hemodialysis and 24 cancer patients) from Guilan Province were collected in 2017-2018. Different tests including direct smear examination and formalin-ether was conducted for the intestinal protozoan parasites. To detect coccidian parasites (e.g. Cryptosporidium spp.) Ziehl Neelsen staining was applied. The anti T.gondii antibodies were detected via ELISA method. Results: Totally 6.52% and 4.16% cases of hemodialysis and cancer patients were positive for intestinal parasite infection respectively. Blastocystis hominis was only intestinal parasite that were detected in these patients. IgG anti-Toxoplasma antibody detected in 35 (76.8%) hemodialysis and 15 (62.5%) cancer patients. IgM antibody were found in 1 elderly hemodialysis patient. Mix infection (Toxoplasmosis and Blastocystis) was observed in 6.52% and 4.16% in hemodialysis and cancer patients respectively. Conclusion: It is recommended to evaluate these patients for intestinal parasitic infections during hemodialysis or chemotherapy sessions. Data showed the high percentage of elderly patients were susceptible to reactivation of chronic Toxoplasmosis. Therefore, in order to refer them for early therapy or other interventions, it is important that elderly hemodialysis and cancer patients with toxoplasma infection be diagnosed and identified.

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