Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Echocardiographic Evaluation of the Right Ventricle

2012 ◽  
pp. 30-48
Author(s):  
Takahiro Shiota
Keyword(s):  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Echocardiographic Evaluation ◽  
The Right

Separation of the 3D stress state of a loaded plate into two-dimensional tasks: bending and symmetric compression of the plate

2021 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
Victor Revenko ◽  
Andrian Revenko
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Harmonic Functions ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Partial Solution ◽  
Theory Of Elasticity ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Normal Stresses ◽  
Equilibrium Equations ◽  
Dimensional Boundary ◽  
The Right

The three-dimensional stress-strain state of an isotropic plate loaded on all its surfaces is considered in the article. The initial problem is divided into two ones: symmetrical bending of the plate and a symmetrical compression of the plate, by specified loads. It is shown that the plane problem of the theory of elasticity is a special case of the second task. To solve the second task, the symmetry of normal stresses is used. Boundary conditions on plane surfaces are satisfied and harmonic conditions are obtained for some functions. Expressions of effort were found after integrating three-dimensional stresses that satisfy three equilibrium equations. For a thin plate, a closed system of equations was obtained to determine the harmonic functions. Displacements and stresses in the plate were expressed in two two-dimensional harmonic functions and a partial solution of the Laplace equation with the right-hand side, which is determined by the end loads. Three-dimensional boundary conditions were reduced to two-dimensional ones. The formula was found for experimental determination of the sum of normal stresses via the displacements of the surface of the plate.

P1678Feasibility of comprehensive multi-plane echocardiographic evaluation of right ventricular function pre-LVAD implantation - preliminary results from a single centre experience

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D J Bowen ◽  
Y C Yalcin ◽  
M Strachinaru ◽  
J S McGhie ◽  
A E Van Den Bosch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Ventricular Function ◽  
Right Ventricular Function ◽  
Advanced Heart Failure ◽  
Free Wall ◽  
Heart Failure Patients ◽  
Echocardiographic Evaluation ◽  
The Right

Abstract Introduction Right sided heart failure (RVF) is recognized as a major cause of morbidity and mortality after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. Despite the publication of several risk scores and predication models, identifying patients at risk for RVF after LVAD implantation remains a challenge. The right ventricle is complex in structure and not possible to fully assess from one echocardiographic 2D plane. Our centre previously introduced a novel multi-plane approach whereby four different RV free wall segments (lateral, anterior, inferior and inferior coronal – figure 1) can be imaged from the same echocardiographic position using electronic plane rotation. Purpose The aim of the study was to determine the feasibility of using multi-plane echocardiography to quantify right ventricular function in a small cohort of advanced heart failure patients prior to LVAD implantation. Methods Twelve advanced heart failure patients underwent detailed RV assessment by multi-plane echocardiography prior to LVAD implantation (median -15 [6.3–29.8] days before). Feasibility and values of the established RV functional echo parameters tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and tissue Doppler imaging derived tricuspid annular peak systolic velocity (TDI S') were assessed by an experienced sonographer on each of the 4 free wall segments. Mean values were calculated from an average of 3 measurements. Conventional 2D echo parameters and clinical outcome data post LVAD implantation were also collected. Results Feasibility of TAPSE and TDI measurements in all four RV free wall segments was 100%, with the exception of the inferior coronal wall (91.7% – TDI S' only). Mean 4 wall averaged TAPSE was 13.9±5.1mm, whilst mean TDI S' was 9.4±2.6cm/s. Mean TAPSE and TDI values were lower in the inferior and inferior coronal walls (13.3±5.8mm; 8.8±3.1cm/s and 10.9±5.7mm; 8.9±3.7cm/s) than those of the lateral and anterior walls (15.6±5.1mm; 9.9±2.3cm/s and 15.9±5.1mm; 10.1±2.6cm/s). The cohort was split by using a four wall averaged TAPSE value of 16mm as a cutoff. Mean 4 wall averaged TAPSE was 20.6±1.9mm in the >16mm group compared to 10.5±1.7mm for the <16mm group, whilst mean TDI S' was 9.4±2.6cm/s vs 7.7±0.7cm/s. Post LVAD implantation, there were 3 (25%) deaths and 6 (50%) incidences of acute kidney injury. Median length of stay in ICU and hospital was 4 (1–13.5) and 42.5 (30.3–65) days respectively. The <16mm group had higher incidences of negative outcomes and longer stay in both ICU and hospital following LVAD implantation (p: 0.07). Conclusion Multi-plane echocardiographic evaluation of the right ventricle appears feasible in advanced heart failure with potential for a more comprehensive quantification of right ventricular function pre-LVAD implantation. Larger, ideally multi-centre studies are required to further assess these preliminary findings.

scholarly journals Making Anaglyphs in Photoshop

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 36-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry Sedgewick
Keyword(s):  
Imaging System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
The Right ◽  
Two Dimensional Images

In order to achieve a three dimensional appearance to a pair of two dimensional images, two off-axis images can be produced and colorized. These can be overlayed slightly apart and then viewed through glasses with two differently colored sides, one color for the left eye and another for the right eye in combinations containing red, green or blue colors. These off-axis and colorized images are referred to as anaglyphs.Off-axis images can be achieved through the use of a tilting stage on a microscope, by physically changing the position of a camera in relation to a still object, or through changing the axis of an optical stack of sections, such as what is created by confocal/CT scans. Some images lend themselves more to a 3D look both by virtue of inherent three dimensionality limited by the resolution of the imaging system.

Echocardiographic features of the morphologically right ventriculo-arterial junction

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (S1) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Martinez ◽  
Robert H. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Pulmonary Valve ◽  
Right Ventricular Outflow Tract ◽  
Ventricular Outflow Tract ◽  
Pulmonary Trunk ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Ventricular Mass ◽  
Echocardiographic Evaluation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Relationship Of

In the normal heart, the morphologically right ventricle supports the pulmonary trunk. The key to echocardiographic evaluation of the junction between these structures is to understand not only the arrangement of the pulmonary valve, but also the complete muscular infundibulum that supports the valvar leaflets, lifting the valvar complex away from the base of the ventricular mass. As explained in the previous review,1 it is the presence of this free-standing muscular infundibular sleeve that makes it possible for the surgeon to remove the pulmonary valve for use as an allograft in the Ross procedure.2 In this review, we will address the echocardiographic features of the junction, considering primarily the situation in which the morphologically right ventricle supports the pulmonary trunk, but making comparisons with the abnormal arrangements in which either the aorta, or both arterial trunks, arise from the right ventricle. As we will see, the basic arrangement of the free-standing complete muscular infundibulum, or conus, is preserved with these abnormal arrangements, but there can be variation depending on the precise arrangement of the inner heart curvature, or ventriculo-infundibular fold, and the morphology can be further changed depending on the relationship of the arterial trunks themselves. The key to analysis, therefore, and also to accurate description, is to analyse separately the way in which the arterial trunks are joined to the ventricular mass, the relationships of the trunks one to the other, and the precise structure of the supporting right ventricular outflow tract, or outflow tracts in the setting of double outlet connection. If each of these features is then described in its own right, avoiding the temptation to make inferences regarding one feature from knowledge of another, then it is possible to avoid many of the persisting controversies relating to nomenclature.

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