An exploratory survey of malaria prevalence and people's knowledge, attitudes and practices of mosquito larval source management for malaria control in western Kenya

Acta Tropica ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.S. Imbahale ◽  
U. Fillinger ◽  
A. Githeko ◽  
W.R. Mukabana ◽  
W. Takken
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Control ◽  
Malaria Prevalence ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Larval Source Management ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Exploratory Survey ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Source Management

scholarly journals Addressing key gaps in implementation of mosquito larviciding to accelerate malaria vector control in southern Tanzania: results of a stakeholder engagement process in local district councils

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salum A. Mapua ◽  
Marceline F. Finda ◽  
Ismail H. Nambunga ◽  
Betwel J. Msugupakulya ◽  
Kusirye Ukio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Control ◽  
Public Engagement ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Malaria Vector Control ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Key Informants ◽  
Larval Source Management ◽  
Source Management

Abstract Background Larval source management was historically one of the most effective malaria control methods but is now widely deprioritized in Africa, where insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) are preferred. However, in Tanzania, following initial successes in urban Dar-es-Salaam starting early-2000s, the government now encourages larviciding in both rural and urban councils nationwide to complement other efforts; and a biolarvicide production-plant has been established outside the commercial capital. This study investigated key obstacles and opportunities relevant to effective rollout of larviciding for malaria control, with a focus on the meso-endemic region of Morogoro, southern Tanzania. Methods Key-informants were interviewed to assess awareness and perceptions regarding larviciding among designated health officials (malaria focal persons, vector surveillance officers and ward health officers) in nine administrative councils (n = 27). Interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to assess awareness and perceptions of community members in selected areas regarding larviciding (n = 490). Thematic content analysis was done and descriptive statistics used to summarize the findings. Results A majority of malaria control officials had participated in larviciding at least once over the previous three years. A majority of community members had neutral perceptions towards positive aspects of larviciding, but overall support for larviciding was high, although several challenges were expressed, notably: (i) insufficient knowledge for identifying relevant aquatic habitats of malaria vectors and applying larvicides, (ii) inadequate monitoring of programme effectiveness, (iii) limited financing, and (iv) lack of personal protective equipment. Although the key-informants reported sensitizing local communities, most community members were still unaware of larviciding and its potential. Conclusions The larviciding programme was widely supported by both communities and malaria control officials, but there were gaps in technical knowledge, implementation and public engagement. To improve overall impact, it is important to: (i) intensify training efforts, particularly for identifying habitats of important vectors, (ii) adopt standard technical principles for applying larvicides or larval source management, (iii) improve financing for local implementation and (iv) improve public engagement to boost community awareness and participation. These lessons could also be valuable for other malaria endemic areas wishing to deploy larviciding for malaria control or elimination.

scholarly journals Integrated mosquito larval source management reduces larval numbers in two highland villages in western Kenya

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan S Imbahale ◽  
Andrew Githeko ◽  
Wolfgang R Mukabana ◽  
Willem Takken
Keyword(s):  
Western Kenya ◽  
Larval Source Management ◽  
Source Management

scholarly journals Process Evaluation of a Community-Based Microbial Larviciding Intervention for Malaria Control in Rural Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 7309
Author(s):  
Nina Berlin Rubin ◽  
Leonard E.G. Mboera ◽  
Adriane Lesser ◽  
Marie Lynn Miranda ◽  
Randall Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Process Evaluation ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Larval Source Management ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Rural Tanzania ◽  
Breeding Habitats ◽  
Mosquito Breeding ◽  
Larvicide Application ◽  
Source Management

Microbial larviciding can be an effective component of integrated vector management malaria control schemes, although it is not commonly implemented. Moreover, quality control and evaluation of intervention activities are essential to evaluate the potential of community-based larviciding interventions. We conducted a process evaluation of a larval source management intervention in rural Tanzania where local staff were employed to apply microbial larvicide to mosquito breeding habitats with the aim of long-term reductions in malaria transmission. We developed a logic model to guide the process evaluation and then established quantitative indicators to measure intervention success. Quantitative analysis of intervention reach, exposure, and fidelity was performed to assess larvicide application, and interviews with larviciding staff were reviewed to provide context to quantitative results. Results indicate that the intervention was successful in terms of reach, as staff applied microbial larvicide at 80% of identified mosquito breeding habitats. However, the dosage of larvicide applied was sufficient to ensure larval elimination at only 26% of sites, which does not meet the standard set for intervention fidelity. We propose that insufficient training and protocol adaptation, environment and resource issues, and human error contributed to low larvicide application rates. This demonstrates how several small, context-specific details in sum can result in meaningful differences between intervention blueprint and execution. These findings may serve the design of other larval source management interventions by demonstrating the value of additional training, supervision, and measurement and evaluation of protocol adherence.

scholarly journals Household knowledge, perceptions and practices of mosquito larval source management for malaria prevention and control in Mwanza district, Malawi: a cross‐sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mphatso Kamndaya ◽  
Dumisani Mfipa ◽  
Kingsley Lungu
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Control ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Malaria Vector Control ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Stagnant Water ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Larval Source Management ◽  
Clean Environment ◽  
High Level ◽  
Source Management

Abstract Background Mosquito larval source management (LSM) is a key outdoor malaria vector control strategy in rural communities in sub-Saharan Africa. Knowledge of this strategy is important for optimal design and implementation of effective malaria control interventions in this region. This study assessed household knowledge, perceptions and practices of mosquito LSM methods (draining stagnant water, larviciding, clearing grass/bushes and clean environment). Methods A cross-sectional design was used whereby 479 households were selected using two-stage sampling in Mwanza district, Malawi. A household questionnaire was administered to an adult member of the house. Respondents were asked questions on knowledge, perceptions and practices of mosquito LSM methods. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with high-level knowledge of mosquito LSM methods. Results Majority of the respondents (64.5%) had high-level knowledge of mosquito LSM methods. Specifically, 63.7% (200/314) had positive perceptions about draining stagnant water, whereas 95.3% (223/234) practiced clean environment for malaria control and 5.2% had knowledge about larviciding. Compared to respondents with primary education, those with secondary education were more likely, whereas those without education were less likely, to have high-level knowledge of mosquito LSM methods (AOR = 3.54, 95% CI 1.45–8.63 and AOR = 0.38, 95% CI 0.23–0.64, respectively). Compared to respondents engaged in crop farming, those engaged in mixed farming (including pastoralists) and the self-employed (including business persons) were more likely to have high-level knowledge of mosquito LSM methods (AOR = 6.95, 95% CI 3.39–14.23 and AOR = 3.61, 95% CI 1.47–8.86, respectively). Respondents living in mud-walled households were less likely to have high-knowledge of mosquito LSM methods than those living in brick-walled households (AOR = 0.50, 95% CI 0.30–0.86). Conclusions A high-level knowledge of mosquito LSM methods was established. However, when designing and implementing this strategy, specific attention should be paid to the uneducated, crop farmers and those living in poor households.

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