Traditional Piscicidal Knowledge along the Chakpi River and other Water Bodies in Chandel District, Manipur State : Past and Present Scenario

The present study was undertaken with an aim to expound the various indigenous technical knowledge (ITK) practices centring around the stagnant or semi-stagnant water bodies in Chandel district of Manipur. The prevailing indigenous practices were considered and only three groups of indigenous practices were found to be rational in the present scenario which could be further assessed, documented and propagated for the benefit of farming community. The three group of indigenous practices involve the age-old methods of stupefying the fish in ponds or rivers using tree barks, roots and leaves of specific trees or plants having ichthyotoxic properties. Two filters were applied to identify the ITKs. The first filter being rationality therein only ITK practices having rationality score more than 2.4 being explained in the study. The second filter was mean perceived effectiveness index (MPEI). Of the 17 practices evaluated, 3 were rational (42.08%) while the remaining 14 were rejected as irrational (57.92%). The perceived effectiveness and adoption rate analysis of these age-old ITKs indicated that, the traditional use of stupefying barks was rated as rational (3.01), perceived as highly effective (2.60) and adopted by 78 per cent of the respondents whereas on the lower end, the method incorporating the juice extract of ichthyotoxic leaves was rated as rational (2.48), perceived as effective (1.9) and adopted by 48 per cent of respondents.

An IoT-Based Sanitation Monitoring System Using Machine Learning for Stagnant Water to Prevent Water-Borne Diseases

In low and middle-income countries, people die as a result of unhygienic water quality each year. The proposed method monitors stagnant water quality. Improving sanitation facilities by prior detection of contamination depends on both knowledge and resources (both microbiological and personnel). The proposed method uses Node MCU as core controller and various sensors to monitor the water quality. The micro controller will access the data from different sensors and then processes the data. Once the data is collected, the data is fed into machine learning models, and it is trained using machine learning algorithms (classification - SVM) or neural networks (ANN). Productive decision can be made out of the results from the model. Model will be trained using the parameters such as temperature, dissolved oxygen (D.O.), pH, biochemical oxygen demand (B.O.D), Nitrate-N and Nitrite-N, and fecal coliform. The outcome of the proposed work gives a complete report about contamination in the stagnant water and gives early alert to municipalities for preventing water-borne diseases.

Study of the biology and ecology of the Muscidae Family (Insecta: Diptera): Collections

Adults can be predators, hematophagous and detritivores or feed on numerous types of exudates from plants or animals. They can be attracted to various substances including sugars, sweets, tears, and blood. Larvae appear in a variety of habitats, including decaying vegetation or animals, dry or moist soil, insect, or bird nests, fresh or stagnant water, and droppings. The objective of the mini review consists of bibliographical research on the muscoid dipterans of the Family Muscidae. The research was carried out in studies related to quantitative aspects of the Family and Species (taxonomic groups) and in conceptual. A literature search was carried out containing articles published from 1971 to 2021. The mini review was prepared in Goiânia, Goiás, from August to September 2021, through the Online Scientific Library (Scielo), internet, ResearchGate, Academia.edu, Frontiers, Publons, Qeios, Portal of Scientific Journals in Health Sciences, https://goo.gl/gLTTTs and https://www.growkudos.com/register. Although some species are very common worldwide, such as the housefly and the stablefly due to their synanthropy, most species do not have this behavior, so they are restricted to some territorial areas, sometimes-small dimension.

Chemical Pond Water Contamination–icpms Investigations in the Various Areas of Eluru City, Andhra Pradesh, India-a Case Study.

The several stagnant water resources contamination in urban areas mainly caused by anthropogenic activities and as well as pathogenic organisms. The objective of the present study is to determine the chemical contamination in pond water regardingsudden appearance of health problems among the people of certain areas in Eluru, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, India. The results of ICP-MS investigations showed elemental impurities in water samples and physio-chemical parameters of pond water such as pH, TDS, EC, CC , Total Hardness etc., are studied in detailed.

The Contagious Effects of Rural Violence: Social Pathologies and Injured Bodies in Blasco Ibáñez’s La barraca (The Cabin)

Vicente Blasco Ibáñez’s La barraca (The Cabin, 1898) presents a vivid portrait of the struggles of the rural population of the Valencian huerta. When the local people prevent a plot of land from being cultivated as an act of popular resistance against the landowning class, the arrival of Batiste Borrull provokes a campaign of marginalisation and aggression against his family. The collective violence of the mob enacted by men, women and children is unleashed against his daughter Roseta, his sons, and finally five-year-old Pascualet, who is pushed into an irrigation ditch by hostile boys and contracts a fatal infection. The mounting brutality that culminates in the death of a young child becomes a powerful manifestation of social pathologies including rural primitivism, alcoholism and entrenched poverty. This article explores ideological and discursive contexts for the portrait of rural violence at the turn of the twentieth century, including class-based theories of degeneration and crowd psychology. It also examines the trope of stagnant water that courses through the plain as a symbol of contamination, echoing the moral sickness of rural society. Critics have argued that in his social protest novels, Blasco Ibáñez denounces the idle and degenerate bourgeoisie, following instead the anarchist and socialist argument that the vices of the proletariat are the result of capitalist exploitation (Fuentes 2009). By contrast, this article proposes that La barraca underscores the primitivism and pathological violence of the landless rural labourers, thereby reinforcing a bourgeois ideological foundation for the exposition of social injustice in late nineteenth-century Spain.

HUBUNGAN KARAKTERISTIK SUMUR GALI DENGAN KEBERADAAN JENTIK NYAMUK AEDES AEGYPTI DI DESA SALO TIMUR KECAMATAN SALO TAHUN 2020

Keberadaan jentik nyamuk Aedes aegypti dalam sumur gali sebagai tempat penampungan air alamiah dapat dipengaruhi beberapa faktor. Keberadaan jentik Aedes aegypti dapat ditemukan pada genangan air bersih dan tidak mengalir, terbuka serta terlindung dari cahaya matahari. Lingkungan tempat penduduk adalah tempat perindukan nyamuk oleh karena itu masyarakat harus menjaga kebersihan lingkungan disekitar rumah dan tidak ada tempat atau media yang dapat menjadi tempat perindukan nyamuk. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik sumur gali yang berpotensi menjadi tempat perkembangbiakan nyamuk Aedes aegypti di Desa Salo Timur Kecamatan Salo Tahun 2020. Jenis penelitian ini adalah explanatory research dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi penelitian adalah sumur gali yang berada di Desa Salo Timur sejumlah 1033 sumur gali dan diperoleh 280 sampel. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode Purposive Sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukan ada hubungan antara letak sumur gali (nilai p=0,012), keberadaan penutup sumur gali (nilai p=0,000), pH sumur gali (nilai p=0,000), dan Pencahayaan Sumur Gali (nilai p=0,000) dengan keberadaan jentik nyamuk Aedes aegypti. The larvae exitence in dug wells where it is a place of collecting and saving water were influenced by some factors. The presence of Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae can be found in stagnant water that does not flow, open, and protected from sunlight. The environment where residents are breeding palces for mosquitoes is therefore the community must maintain the cleanliness of the environment around the house and there is no place or media that can become mosquito breeding places. The purpose of this study determined the characteristics of dug wells that could potentially become a breeding Aedes aegypti mosquito in Salo Timur Village, Salo District in 2020 This type of research was explanatory research which using cross sectional approach. The population of this research were dug wells around in the village of East Salo with a total of 1033 dug wells and 280 samples were obtained. Sampling using the Purposive Sampling method. The results showed there was a relationship between the location of dug wells (p = 0.012), the presence of dug well cover (p = 0,000), pH of dug wells (p = 0,000) and dug well lighting (p=0,000) with the presence of Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae. Suggestion, improve sanitation of dug wells to prevent mosquitoes from breeding.

Shapes and Rise Velocities of Single Bubbles in a Confined Annular Channel: Experiments and Numerical Simulations

Shapes and rise velocities of single air bubbles rising through stagnant water confined inside an annular channel were investigated by means of experiments and numerical simulations. Fast video imaging and image processing were used for the experiments, whilst the numerical simulations were carried out using the volume of fluid method and the open-source package OpenFOAM. The confinement of the annular channel did not affect the qualitative behavior of the bubbles, which exhibited a wobbling rise dynamic similar to that observed in bubbles rising through unconfined liquids. The effect of the confinement on the shape and rise velocity was evident; the bubbles were less deformed and rose slower in comparison with bubbles rising through unconfined liquids. The present data and numerical simulations, as well as the data collected from the literature for use here, indicate that the size, shape, and rise velocity of single bubbles are closely linked together, and prediction methods that fail to recognize this perform poorly. This study and the limited evidence documented in the literature indicate that the confinement effects observed in non-circular channels of complex shape are more complicated than those observed with circular tubes, and much less well understood.